Osseous fragment in a patient with knee pain.

The patient was a 31-year-old man who was currently serving in the military. He was referred to a physical therapist by his primary care physician for a chief complaint of left anterior knee pain. Due to concern over a loose body, the physical therapist ordered radiographs of the left knee, which revealed an osseous fragment.

Reported Concussion Rates for Three Division I Football Programs: An Evaluation of the New NCAA Concussion Policy.

Background: There has been increased interest in the number of concussions occurring in college football over the past year. In April 2010, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) published new guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of concussions in student athletes.

Purpose: To determine the number of concussions that occurred on 3 collegiate Division I military academy football teams prior to and following recent changes in the NCAA concussion management policy.

Lentiviral integration preferences in transgenic mice.

Lentiviral gene transfer has a significant impact on the development of biomedical research. One of the most important features of lentiviruses is the capability to infect both dividing and nondividing cells. However, little is known whether integration preference exists, specifically in early embryos.

Uprobe 2008: an online resource for universal overgo hybridization-based probe retrieval and design.

Cross-species sequence comparisons are a prominent method for analyzing genomic DNA and an ever increasing number of species are being selected for whole-genome sequencing. Targeted comparative genomic sequencing is a complementary approach to whole-genome shotgun sequencing and can produce high-quality sequence assemblies of orthologous chromosomal regions of interest from multiple species. Genomic libraries necessary to support targeted mapping and sequencing projects are available for more than 90 vertebrates.

Reconstruction technique affects femoral tunnel placement in ACL reconstruction.

Grafts placed too anteriorly on the femur are reportedly a common cause of failure in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Some studies suggest more anatomic femoral tunnel placement improves kinematics. The ability of the transtibial technique and a tibial tunnel-independent technique (placed transfemorally outside-in) to place the guide pin near the center of the femoral attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament was compared in 12 cadavers.

A recurrent inversion on the eutherian X chromosome.

Chromosomal inversions have an important role in evolution, and an increasing number of inversion polymorphisms are being identified in the human population. The evolutionary history of these inversions and the mechanisms by which they arise are therefore of significant interest. Previously, a polymorphic inversion on human chromosome Xq28 that includes the FLNA and EMD loci was discovered and hypothesized to have been the result of nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between near-identical inverted duplications flanking this region.

Gene duplication and inactivation in the HPRT gene family.

Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1) is a key enzyme in the purine salvage pathway, and mutations in HPRT1 cause Lesch-Nyhan disease. The studies described here utilized targeted comparative mapping and sequencing, in conjunction with database searches, to assemble a collection of 53 HPRT1 homologs from 28 vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis of these homologs revealed that the HPRT gene family expanded as the result of ancient vertebrate-specific duplications and is composed of three groups consisting of HPRT1, phosphoribosyl transferase domain containing protein 1 (PRTFDC1), and HPRT1L genes.

Uprobe: a genome-wide universal probe resource for comparative physical mapping in vertebrates.

Interspecies comparisons are important for deciphering the functional content and evolution of genomes. The expansive array of >70 public vertebrate genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries can provide a means of comparative mapping, sequencing, and functional analysis of targeted chromosomal segments that is independent and complementary to whole-genome sequencing. However, at the present time, no complementary resource exists for the efficient targeted physical mapping of the majority of these BAC libraries.