Support for nicotine reduction in cigarettes: findings from the 2016 and 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.

Introduction: The USA and New Zealand have sought to establish a product standard to set a maximum nicotine level for cigarettes to reduce their addictiveness. This study examined support for very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) in Australia, Canada, England and the USA between 2016 and 2020.

Methods: Repeated cross-sectional data were analysed from participants who currently smoke, formerly smoked or vaped and/or currently vape in the 2016 (n=11 150) and/or 2020 (n=5432) International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Candidates.

Background: Kidney transplant (KT) candidates have historically low immunization rates against recommended vaccines. A retrospective single-center study of contemporary KT candidates was conducted to assess vaccination rates and vaccine uptake.

Methods: All KT candidates ≥18 y evaluated between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed for history of prior vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis; 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; and recombinant zoster vaccine.

It's addiction at this Point": A qualitative examination of youth E-cigarette use trajectory in the United States.

E-cigarettes (electronic cigarettes) have been the most used tobacco product among US youth since 2014, reaching a plateau during the COVID-19 pandemic. Youth e-cigarette use is associated with negative health consequences such as impaired cognitive functioning. For many, the COVID-19 pandemic altered social interactions, harm perceptions, and product availability.

"I Get the Flavors and It Makes Me Love Vaping More": How and Why Youth Users Modify Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.

Introduction: Youth in the United States are using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) at a high rate. Modifications to ENDS by youth can introduce additional health hazards which have not been previously considered. To better understand these risks, we need more information on what these modifications are, the motivations behind them, and the sources of information on modifications.

Evaluation of a health system's implementation of a monkeypox care model under the RE-AIM framework.

Objective: Emerging infectious diseases challenge healthcare systems to implement new models of care. We aim to evaluate the rapid implementation of a new care model for monkeypox in our health system.

Design: This is a retrospective case series evaluation under the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework of implementation of a testing and care model for monkeypox in a large, integrated health system.

Global monkeypox case hospitalisation rates: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Estimates of the case hospitalization rate and case fatality rate when hospital care is available for monkeypox (MPX) infections have not been well defined. This rapid systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the case hospitalisation rate and case fatality rate where hospital care is available.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, the Lancet Preprints, and MedRxiv for studies published between Jan 1, 1950 and Aug 2, 2022.

General and Device-Specific Reasons for ENDS Use: A Qualitative Study with Adult ENDS Users.

Background: A scientific consensus on the public health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) remains elusive. This is partly due to the wide variation in product characteristics often lumped together under one category. Research is needed to better understand what ENDS device type characteristics motivate their use by adults.

Disparities among smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examination of COVID-19-related worries by sociodemographic factors in a U.S. Nationally representative survey.

Low-socioeconomic status (SES) and certain racial/ethnic minority groups disproportionately experience tobacco-related disease and death. Underserved populations of smokers may be at disproportionate risk for elevated stress and worry related to basic needs and healthcare during the pandemic, which could impede smoking cessation and exacerbate health disparities. This study examined whether experiences with stress and worry among smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic differed by sociodemographic factors, and whether these factors predicted serious psychological distress (SPD).

"It's Cool, Modifying and All, but I Don't Want Anything Blowing Up on Me:" A Focus Group Study of Motivations to Modify Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS).

Introduction: Modifications to electronic nicoti ne delivery systems (ENDS) can pose health risks to users. This study explored users' motivations for modifying ENDS devices and how perceived risks of modifications influenced modification behaviors as product availability and device characteristics changed over time.

Method: We conducted nine focus groups (February-June 2020) with 32 current ENDS users (18+, used ENDS in the past 30 days, and had been using ENDS for more than 2 months).

"You have to vape to make it through": E-cigarette Outcome Expectancies among Youth and Parents.

Outcome expectancies are central to explaining health behavior and have been shown to predict tobacco use. Research on outcome expectancies for e-cigarette use among youth is scarce but increasingly important given the growing rates of use, particularly of high-nicotine pod devices and the recent outbreak of e-cigarette related lung disease. In 2019, we conducted 3 focus groups with middle school youth (N=25), 5 with high school youth (N=38), and 4 with parents (N=27).

Which tobacco control policies do smokers support? Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

As governments consider policy action to reduce smoking, a key factor in creating political will is the level of public support, particularly among smokers who are most affected by the policies. The goal of this paper is to assess and compare the level of support in Canada, the United States, England, and Australia for five smoking control policies: 1) banning menthol in cigarettes, 2) banning cigarette additives, 3) reducing nicotine in cigarettes to make them less addictive, 4) raising the minimum age to purchase cigarettes to 21 years and older, and 5) requiring pictorial warning labels on cigarette packs (examined in the US only). Data for these analyses come from 8165 daily cigarette smokers who responded to the 2016 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

Longitudinal changes in alcohol use and binge-drinking among young-adult college students: Analyses of predictors across system levels.

Background: Longitudinal research regarding young-adult college student alcohol use behaviors is needed to identify risk factors and inform interventions, particularly with regard to binge-drinking.

Methods: Data from 3,418 US college students (aged 18-25) in a two-year, six-wave panel study (64.6% female, 63.

"Don't do vape, bro!" A qualitative study of youth's and parents' reactions to e-cigarette prevention advertisements.

Introduction: Growing rates of e-cigarette use among youth have reached epidemic proportions. Media messages have been deployed to counteract this trend, but their evaluations are lacking. We assessed youth's and parents' reactions to various existing e-cigarette prevention messages.

Vape shop identification, density and place characteristics in six metropolitan areas across the US.

Vaping is increasingly prevalent and controversial. Vape shops and convenience stores are common but distinct sources of vaping products, and where they locate may reflect likely target markets. This study examined the density and neighborhood demographics of vape shops and convenience stores in six metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs): Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle.

Exploring the Point-of-Sale Among Vape Shops Across the United States: Audits Integrating a Mystery Shopper Approach.

Introduction: Vape shops represent prominent, unique retailers, subject to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation in the United States.

Aims And Methods: This study assessed compliance of US vape shop retail marketing strategies with new regulations (eg, required age verification, prohibited free samples) and pre-implementation conditions for other regulations (eg, health warning labels on all nicotine products, required disclosures of e-liquid contents).

Results: 95.

Users' Modifications to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Interviews with ENDS Enthusiasts.

Users' modifications to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products could increase initiation, inhibit cessation, or change the toxicity of the product. This study aims to begin to identify consumers' common ENDS modification behaviors. We conducted audio-recorded, in-depth one-on-one interviews with 13 adult ENDS users in the metropolitan Atlanta area, who self-reported extensive modification experience.

Prescription stimulant use among young adult college students: Who uses, why, and what are the consequences?

To examine prescription stimulant use among college students, particularly use with versus without prescriptions or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD)) diagnoses. Data were drawn from a diverse sample of college students from seven colleges/universities in Georgia participating. Measures assessed ADHD-specific factors, prescription stimulant use, access, motives, side effects, and covariates.