Risk of developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or anal cancer after anal condylomata treatment in people living with HIV.

Aim: To assess the risk and natural history of developing advanced anal disease after diagnosis of anal condyloma in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study of PLWH and anal condyloma from 2001 to 2021. Patients who developed advanced anal disease (AAD; anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and/or anal cancer) were compared to those who did not progress (non-AAD).

Microphysiological model reveals the promise of memory-like natural killer cell immunotherapy for HIV cancer.

Numerous studies are exploring the use of cell adoptive therapies to treat hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. However, there are numerous factors that dampen the immune response, including viruses like human immunodeficiency virus. In this study, we leverage human-derived microphysiological models to reverse-engineer the HIV-immune system interaction and evaluate the potential of memory-like natural killer cells for HIV head and neck cancer, one of the most common tumors in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus.

A translational genomics approach identifies IL10RB as the top candidate gene target for COVID-19 susceptibility.

Recent efforts have identified genetic loci that are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection rates and disease outcome severity. Translating these genetic findings into druggable genes that reduce COVID-19 host susceptibility is a critical next step. Using a translational genomics approach that integrates COVID-19 genetic susceptibility variants, multi-tissue genetically regulated gene expression (GReX), and perturbagen signatures, we identified IL10RB as the top candidate gene target for COVID-19 host susceptibility.

Do immune inflammatory markers correlate with anal dysplasia and anal cancer risk in patients living with HIV?

Purpose: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an elevated risk for developing anal cancer. As screening is invasive, markers predicting those at highest risk for anal cancer could guide individualized screening. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are surrogate inflammatory/immune markers known to correlate with cancer outcomes.

Risk Factors and Mortality for Atypical Presentation of COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Patients - Lessons From the Early Pandemic.

Objective: To assess the clinical epidemiology and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who did not experience fever and cough during the early pandemic.

Methods: Retrospective cohort of all patients admitted during March 13, 2020 through May 13, 2020 with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 to 3 tertiary-care hospitals. Patient-level data (demographic, clinical manifestations, comorbid illnesses, inpatient treatment) were analyzed.

IL10RB as a key regulator of COVID-19 host susceptibility and severity.

Background: Recent efforts have identified genetic loci that are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection rates and disease outcome severity. Translating these genetic findings into druggable genes and readily available compounds that reduce COVID-19 host susceptibility is a critical next step.

Methods: We integrate COVID-19 genetic susceptibility variants, multi-tissue genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) and perturbargen signatures to identify candidate genes and compounds that reverse the predicted gene expression dysregulation associated with COVID-19 susceptibility.

Immune recovery in HIV-1 infected patients with sustained viral suppression under long-term antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia.

Background: There is very little data on long-term immune recovery responses in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the setting of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Thus, we sought to determine CD4+ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell and CD4/CD8 ratio responses in a cohort of HIV infected individuals on sustained suppressive ART followed up for more than a decade.

Methods: The cohort comprised adult patients who started ART between 2001 and 2007 and followed for up to 14 years.

Role of CD4/CD8 ratio on the incidence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy followed up for more than a decade.

Background: The role of CD4/CD8 ratio on the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unknown. Thus, we sought to determine whether the CD4/CD8 ratio was associated with development of TB in a cohort of HIV infected individuals on ART followed up for more than a decade in the setting of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods: The cohort comprised adult patients who started ART between 2001 and 2007 and followed for up to 15 years.

Effect of antimetabolite immunosuppressants on Flaviviridae, including hepatitis C virus.

Background: Recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) after liver transplantation is almost universal and decreases both graft and patient survival. Medications that alter nucleic acid metabolism, including some common immunosuppressants used in HCV-infected patients, may affect viral replication.

Methods: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is in the Flaviviridae family and is closely related to HCV.