Adenovirus triggers macropinocytosis and endosomal leakage together with its clathrin-mediated uptake.

Adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) binds the coxsackie B virus Ad receptor and is endocytosed upon activation of the alphav integrin coreceptors. Here, we demonstrate that expression of dominant negative clathrin hub, eps15, or K44A-dynamin (dyn) inhibited Ad2 uptake into epithelial cells, indicating clathrin-dependent viral endocytosis. Surprisingly, Ad strongly stimulated the endocytic uptake of fluid phase tracers, coincident with virus internalization but without affecting receptor-mediated transferrin uptake.

Intracellular Virus Trafficking Reveals Physiological Characteristics of the Cytoskeleton.

Virus particles that infect eukaryotic cells can take advantage of the cytoskeleton and associated motors to translocate through the cytoplasm. Depending on the virus, motor proteins are recruited or, alternatively, cytoskeletal elements are induced to polymerize onto viral structures. Here we review recent advances toward understanding the roles of the cytoskeleton in virus trafficking.

Heat dissociation and maceration of marine Cnidaria.

The effect of increased temperature on the tissue integrity of polyps and medusae ofPodocoryne carnea is described. Animals exposed for 10 to 20 min to a temperature of 35°C are easily dissociated into single cells. These dissociated cells round up, form reaggregates and, depending on their origin, regenerate polyp or medusa structures.

Factors effecting manubrium-regeneration in hydromedusae (Coelenterata).

1. Umbrellar fragments of the leptomedusaCampanularia johnstoni with or without parts of the radial canal demonstrate a gradient in the potential for manubrium regeneration and in regeneration time. 2.