Oxygen uptake kinetics and biological age in relation to pulling force and 400-m front crawl performance in young swimmers.

The study aimed to assess differences in the biological age () of 13-year-old swimmers and show their ability, as biologically younger- or older-, to develop fast 60-s oxygen uptake () kinetics and tethered swimming strength. Furthermore, the interplay between swimming strength, , and 400-m front crawl race performance was examined. The study involved 36 competitive young male swimmers (metrical age: 12.

Internal Mechanisms of Human Motor Behaviour: A System-Theoretical Perspective.

The authors present the conceptual and system-theoretical model of human motor behaviour. The main assumption is that movement is the only observable manifestation of all psychical processes, thus, it is the only phenomenon enabling the creation of hypotheses concerning the psychological conditioning of human behaviour. They pointed to the fact that in the field of biology, and all the more, in psychology, mathematical descriptions are hardly eligible.

Postural stability at different heights as well as in natural standing position and during tandem stance in female athletes who practice artistic gymnastics.

Purpose: The aim of this work was the assessment of postural stability at different heights as well as in natural standing position and during tandem stance in female athletes who practice artistic gymnastics.

Methods: The study comprised 34 athletes aged 8-12, practicing artistic gymnastics at a sports club "Korona Kraków". The research tool was CQ-Stab 2P two-platform posturograph.

Gender effect on underwater undulatory swimming technique of young competitive swimmers.

Purpose: The study aim was determining gender-related differences of underwater undulatory swimming (UUS) kinematic indicators and their impact on UUS velocity.

Methods: The study included 18 girls (F: age 16.71 ± 0.

Evaluation of relationship between the results of selected tests for muscle strength assessment of the hip abductors.

Purpose: The assessment of hip joint abductor muscle strength is most often carried out using a dynamometric test. However, both in clinical practice and literature, evaluation is performed by means of the single-leg half-squat or the amount of abduction movements performed in the hip joint. In this context, the question arises whether the results of individual tests are convergent.

Analysis of Tests Evaluating Sport Climbers' Strength and Isometric Endurance.

The present study was designed to determine which types of specific tests provide an effective evaluation of strength and endurance in highly trained competitive sport climbers. The research process consisted of three basic components: the measurement of selected somatic characteristics of the climbers, the assessment of their physical conditioning, and a search for correlations between the anthropometric and "conditioning" variables on the one hand, and climber's performance on the other. The sample of subjects consisted of 14 experienced volunteer climbers capable of handling 7a- 8a+/b on-sight rock climbing grades.

An evaluation of symmetry in the lower limb joints during the able-bodied gait of women and men.

For many years, mainly to simplify data analysis, scientists assumed that during a gait, the lower limbs moved symmetrically. However, even a cursory survey of the more recent literature reveals that the human walk is symmetrical only in some aspects. That is why the presence of asymmetry should be considered in all studies of locomotion.

Changes of kinematic gait parameters due to pregnancy.

When a woman becomes pregnant her body undergoes tremendous changes hormonally and anatomically. Our survey revealed very little literature on biomechanics of gait in gravidas and lack of consensus among scientists in pregnancy-related mechanisms of body adaptation. That is why the authors felt encouraged to determine the effect of pregnancy on the biomechanical pattern of walking.

Three-dimensional analysis of the pelvic and hip mobility during gait on a treadmill and on the ground.

Pelvic girdle combines two units: passenger and locomotor. That is why the importance of this part of the body is emphasized by all researchers in terms of gait economy. The purpose of our research was to determine the changes of pelvic girdle mobility and hip joint in men in three planes of movement (sagittal, frontal and horizontal) during gait at a speed of 5 km/h.

Influence of surface on kinematic gait parameters and lower extremity joints mobility.

In biomechanical studies of human locomotion, treadmill is a widely used measuring device. The purpose of this paper was to determine the values of kinematic parameters describing gait with the velocity of 5 km/h, both on the ground and on a treadmill. Besides, the authors assessed the impact of the surface on the mobility of three main joints of lower extremities in the sagittal plane.

The impact of changes in gait speed and step frequency on the extent of the center of mass displacements.

Center of mass (COM) trajectory plays a crucial role in the analysis of human body movements. This research aimed at studying vertical and transverse COM displacements during gait on a treadmill at a given velocity and step frequency. Locomotion study was accomplished using: Vicon 250, Cardionics Treadmill 3113 and metronome Korg Ma-30.