Effects of pioglitazone on bone in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Context: Meta-analyses of clinical studies have suggested an increased incidence of peripheral fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking pioglitazone. The mechanism behind this apparent increase is unknown.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effects of pioglitazone on bone mineral density (BMD) and turnover.

Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment should not increase cardiovascular (CV) risk and at best could provide benefit beyond lowering glucose. Pioglitazone has demonstrated a favorable CV profile relative to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in outcome and observational studies.

Pioglitazone and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes receiving concomitant treatment with nitrates, renin-angiotensin system blockers, or insulin: results from the PROactive study (PROactive 20).

Background: Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often treated with multiple glucose-lowering and cardiovascular agents. The concomitant use of nitrates, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, or insulin has been linked to a potential increase in myocardial ischemic risk with rosiglitazone. The PROactive database provides an opportunity to investigate the effects of these medications on the potential macrovascular benefits reported with pioglitazone.

Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in treating patients with T2DM.

Background: Studies have shown that many patients with type 2 diabetes do not achieve optimal glycemic control, and progression of diabetes over time requires more than one pharmacotherapy to achieve glycemic goal.

Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of the fixed-dose combination (FDC) of pioglitazone 15 mg and metformin 850 mg versus its individual components in a twice-daily regimen over 24 weeks of treatment in type 2 diabetes patients who were currently not receiving antidiabetes therapy.

Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, controlled study.

Long-term lipid effects of pioglitazone by baseline anti-hyperglycemia medication therapy and statin use from the PROactive experience (PROactive 14).

Studies have shown that pioglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can improve parameters of diabetic dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pioglitazone on triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients from the Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events (PROactive) to determine whether pioglitazone-induced lipid effects were altered by different baseline antihyperglycemia medication or statin use. PROactive was a long-term, randomized, double-blind, cardiovascular outcomes study in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk who had pioglitazone or placebo added to existing treatment.

Pioglitazone use and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease: data from the PROactive study (PROactive 08).

Objective: PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events (PROactive) enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease. These patients were at high risk for heart failure, so any therapeutic benefit could potentially be offset by risk of associated heart failure mortality. We analyzed the heart failure cases to assess the effects of treatment on morbidity and mortality after reports of serious heart failure.

Effects of pioglitazone on lipid and lipoprotein profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia after treatment conversion from rosiglitazone while continuing stable statin therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes after treatment conversion from rosiglitazone to pioglitazone while maintaining stable statin and other lipid-altering therapies. A total of 305 patients were enrolled in this open-label study. Patients had been taking stable dosages of rosiglitazone and statins for > 90 days.

Vascular effects of TZDs: new implications.

The incidence of diabetes, now affecting more than 170 million individuals is growing rapidly. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90% of all diabetes cases, is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), used for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial dysfunction and exert beneficial effects on the lipid profile by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma).