Evolution of Medieval Gunpowder: Thermodynamic and Combustion Analysis.

Medieval gunpowder recipes of potassium nitrate (KNO), charcoal (C), and sulfur (S) were investigated by bomb calorimetry to determine their enthalpies of combustion and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine their pre-ignition and propagative ignition enthalpies. Various sample preparation methods and several additional ingredients were also tested to determine any effects on the thermodynamic values. Gunpowder recipes were prepared and used in a replica cannon that was manufactured and operated according to medieval records.

Tobacco Research in the Military: Reflections on 20 Years of Research in the United States Air Force.

The U.S. military is one of the world's largest employers.

The relationship between the youth psychopathic traits inventory and psychopathology in a U.S. community sample of male youth.

The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) is a self-report measure of juvenile psychopathic traits. Validity data for this measure are limited, especially for nonreferred samples. This report investigated the concurrent validity of the YPI by assessing 171 nonreferred male youth (M age = 12.

The development of a mentalization-based outcomes and research protocol for an adolescent inpatient unit.

The authors describe the development of a theory-driven assessment and research protocol at the Adolescent Treatment Program of The Menninger Clinic. First, the theoretical framework behind a mentalization-based model for assessment and treatment is described. Next, the process whereby measures were selected to operationalize key components of the mentalization-based model is discussed, including a brief discussion of each measure and assessment procedure.