Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.

Mining of an in-house collection of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists to identify compounds with activity at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) revealed a new series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines 2 possessing activity at these two receptors. Early availability of the crystal structure of the lead compound 2a bound to the ligand binding domain of human PPARγ confirmed the mode of interaction of this scaffold to the nuclear receptor and assisted in the optimization of PPARγ activity. Among the new compounds, (S)-3-(5-(2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-2-ethyl-5-isobutyl-7-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (2l) was identified as a potent angiotensin II type I receptor blocker (IC(50) = 1.

Exploration of 4,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxamides as potent, orally active Factor Xa inhibitors with extended duration of action.

Aiming to improve upon previously disclosed Factor Xa inhibitors, a series of 4,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxamides were explored with the intent of increasing the projected human half-life versus 5 (projected human t(1/2)=6 h). A stereospecific route to compounds containing a 4-aryl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine scaffold was developed, resulting in several compounds that demonstrated an increase in the half-life as well as an increase in the in vitro potency compared to 5. Reported herein is the discovery of 26, containing a (2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-pyrrolidine scaffold, which is a selective, orally bioavailable, efficacious Factor Xa inhibitor that appears suitable for a once-daily dosing (projected human t(1/2)=23 h).

Effects of modifications of the linker in a series of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives: Synthesis, evaluation as PPARalpha/gamma dual agonists, and X-ray crystallographic studies.

A new series of alpha-aryl or alpha-heteroarylphenyl propanoic acid derivatives was synthesized that incorporate acetylene-, ethylene-, propyl-, or nitrogen-derived linkers as a replacement of the commonly used ether moiety that joins the central phenyl ring with the lipophilic tail. The effect of these modifications in the binding and activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma was first evaluated in vitro. Compounds possessing suitable profiles were then evaluated in the ob/ob mouse model of type 2 diabetes.

The discovery of (2R,4R)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N- (2-fluoro-4-(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)phenyl)-4-methoxypyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxamide (PD 0348292), an orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor.

Herein, we report the discovery of novel, proline-based factor Xa inhibitors containing a neutral P1 chlorophenyl pharmacophore. Through the additional incorporation of 1-(4-amino-3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-pyridin-2-one 22, as a P4 pharmacophore, we discovered compound 7 (PD 0348292). This compound is a selective, orally bioavailable, efficacious FXa inhibitor that is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment and prevention of thrombotic disorders.

Structure-based drug design of pyrrolidine-1, 2-dicarboxamides as a novel series of orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitors.

A novel series of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxamides was discovered as factor Xa inhibitors using structure-based drug design. This series consisted of a neutral 4-chlorophenylurea P1, a biphenylsulfonamide P4 and a D-proline scaffold (1, IC(50) = 18 nM). Optimization of the initial hit resulted in an orally bioavailable, subnanomolar inhibitor of factor Xa (13, IC(50) = 0.

Regioselective Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reactions of N-Acyl 6-Amino-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazines.

The regioselective inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions of 6-[(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (2), 6-(acetylamino)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (3), and 6-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (4) are disclosed. All three underwent regioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition with electron-rich dienophiles to form the corresponding functionalized 1,2-diazines in excellent yields. An order of reactivity with electron-rich dienophiles was observed with both 2 and 3 being more reactive than 3,6-bis(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1, i.