Withholding resuscitation: a new approach to prehospital end-of-life decisions.

Background: Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel often are not permitted to honor requests to withhold resuscitation at the end of life, particularly if there is no written do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order.

Objective: To determine whether EMS personnel from agencies implementing new guidelines would be more likely to withhold resuscitation from persons having out-of-hospital cardiac arrests than would personnel from agencies that did not implement the guidelines.

Design: Observational study in which 16 of 35 local EMS agencies volunteered to implement new guidelines for withholding resuscitation.