Understanding the Relationship Between Antiviral Prescription Data and COVID-19 Incidence in New York City: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 675 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 million deaths worldwide [1]. While testing for COVID-19 was initially centered in health care facilities, with required reporting to health departments, it is increasingly being performed in the home with rapid antigen testing [2]. Most at-home tests are self-interpreted and not reported to a provider or health department, which could lead to delayed reporting or underreporting of cases [3].

John Snow: Anesthesiologist, Epidemiologist, Scientist, and Hero.

A 19th century physician was crucial to the establishment of 2 medical specialties-anesthesiology and public health. Everyone whose interest in public health has increased in the last year will be amazed at Dr John Snow's career in anesthesiology. Those who recognize him as the first full-time physician anesthetist will be struck by his development of medical mapping during the Cholera Pandemic of 1848, resulting in one of the fundamental techniques of epidemiology and public health that has continued through today.

The renal transport of hippurate and protein-bound solutes.

Measurement of the concentration of hippurate in the inferior vena cava and renal blood samples performed in 13 subjects with normal or near-normal serum creatinine concentrations confirmed the prediction that endogenous hippurate was cleared on a single pass through the kidney with the same avidity as that reported for infused para-amino hippurate. This suggests that a timed urine collection without infusion would provide a measure of effective renal plasma flow. Comparison of the arteriovenous concentration differences for a panel of protein-bound solutes identified solutes that were secreted by the renal tubule and solutes that were subjected to tubular reabsorption.

Correction: The effect of isohydric hemodialysis on the binding and removal of uremic retention solutes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The effect of isohydric hemodialysis on the binding and removal of uremic retention solutes.

Background: There is growing evidence that the accumulation of protein- bound uremic retention solutes, such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate and kynurenic acid, play a role in the accelerated cardiovascular disease seen in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Protein-binding, presumably to albumin, renders these solutes poor-dialyzable. We previously observed that the free fraction of indoxyl sulfate was markedly reduced at the end of hemodialysis.

Perioperative considerations in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is a rare neurological disorder that is universally fatal with life expectancy under 10 years. A 10-year-old boy with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and severe neuromuscular scoliosis underwent posterior spinal fusion following halo traction. He was successfully extubated to bilevel positive airway pressure on postoperative day 3 and discharged home on postoperative day 11.

Anesthetic Management of Patients With Inborn Errors of Metabolism.

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are characterized by the body's inability to convert food into energy. The pathogenetic mechanism is based on defects in a variety of cellular enzymes. In addition to impairment of energy generation, accumulation of substrates may occur, which can deposit in tissue and lead to organ dysfunction.

Individualized remediation during fellowship training.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires medical training programs to monitor, track, and formally document a fellow's performance. If deficiencies are found, programs are expected to prepare and implement an effective plan of action for improvement and to ensure that graduates acquire the personal and professional attributes of an independent physician. We revised our evaluation policy and instituted a remediation protocol in 2008.

Hepatitis C Screening of the "Birth Cohort" (Born 1945-1965) and Younger Inmates of New York City Jails.

Objectives: To examine uptake of screening for all individuals born between 1945 and 1965 (referred to by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as the "birth cohort") and outline preliminary HCV prevalence data in the New York City jail system.

Methods: Data were extracted from electronic health records for all individuals screened for HCV between June 13, 2013, and June 13, 2014, in New York City jails. We used the Abbott EIA 2.

Cytotoxic Virulence Predicts Mortality in Nosocomial Pneumonia Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The current study identified bacterial factors that may improve management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nosocomial pneumonia. Isolates were obtained from 386 patients enrolled in a randomized, controlled study of antibiotic efficacy. Isolates were screened for production of virulence factors and for vancomycin susceptibility.

Anesthetic considerations in Sheldon-Hall syndrome.

Arthrogryposis is characterized by multiple, nonprogressive joint contractures which may be caused by maternal disorders such as oligohydramnios as well as fetal akinesia resulting from primary disorders of muscle, connective tissue, or neurologic tissue. Its prevalence is about 1 : 3000. Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is a heterogenous group of genetic disorders with a characteristic flexion of the joints of the hands and feet divided into different types with additional features.

Genetic predictors of cervical dysplasia in African American HIV-infected women: ACTG DACS 268.

Objective: To examine genome-wide associations in HIV-infected women with a history of cervical dysplasia compared with HIV-infected women with no history of abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests.

Design: Case-control study using data from women analyzed for the HIV Controllers Study and enrolled in HIV treatment-naïve studies in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG).

Methods: Genotyping utilized Illumina HumanHap 650 Y or 1MDuo platforms.

Perioperative care of adolescents.

Purpose Of Review: To describe adolescent development within the context of perioperative anesthetic management.

Recent Findings: Most adolescent deaths are as a result of unintentional injury. Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause, with homicide the second most common cause of intentional injury.

United States anesthesiologists over 50: retirement decision making and workforce implications.

Background: Anesthesiology is among the medical specialties expected to have physician shortage. With little known about older anesthesiologists' work effort and retirement decision making, the American Society of Anesthesiologists participated in a 2006 national survey of physicians aged 50-79 yr.

Methods: Samples of anesthesiologists and other specialists completed a survey of work activities, professional satisfaction, self-defined health and financial status, retirement plans and perspectives, and demographics.

Obesity prevention in young schoolchildren: results of a pilot study.

Background: Overweight and obesity occur in 17% of children in the United States. Complications of excess weight in Americans cause 216,000 to 300,000 deaths yearly and cost $147 billion.

Methods: A convenience sample of 14 intervention and 15 control schools in the Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh was used.

Nasal carriage as a source of agr-defective Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Inactivating mutations in the Staphylococcus aureus virulence regulator agr are associated with worse outcomes in bacteremic patients. However, whether agr dysfunction is primarily a cause or a consequence of early bacteremia is unknown. Analysis of 158 paired S.

Risk factors for tuberculin skin test conversion among HIV-infected patients in New York City.

Background: We assessed the incidence of and risk factors for tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion among HIV-infected adults at a New York City clinic.

Methods: All adult HIV-infected patients were eligible for inclusion if they had a negative baseline TST result and at least one subsequent documented TST test result.

Results: A total of 414 HIV-infected patients had a negative baseline TST result; 288 (69.

Glycated Hemoglobin A(1c) as screening for diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected individuals.

The American Diabetes Association now recommends hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) screening for the diagnosis of diabetes. It has been reported that HbA(1c) levels underestimate glycemic levels in HIV-infected persons. We examined the performance of HbA(1c) as a screening test for diabetes in a group of HIV-infected people without diabetes.

Virologic Outcome of Using Tenofovir/Emtricitabine to Treat Hepatitis B in HIV-Coinfected Patients.

Goal. To study the effect of combination antiviral therapy with tenofovir and emtricitabine or lamivudine with and without prior monotherapy with lamivudine. Study.

Sex differences in the incidence of peripheral neuropathy among Kenyans initiating antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is common among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. We report the incidence of and risk factors for PN among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Kenyan adults initiating ART.

Methods: An inception cohort was formed of adults initiating ART.