Transradial Renal Angioplasty and Stent Placement for Systemic Hypertension Caused by Severe Unilateral Renovascular Stenosis.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement for renovascular hypertension is a recognized albeit seldom used therapy. We present a case of severe renovascular hypertension, due to renal artery atherosclerosis, treated successfully with stent placement via the radial artery access approach.

Air-Evacuation-Relevant Hypobaria Following Traumatic Brain Injury Plus Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats Increases Mortality and Injury to the Gut, Lungs, and Kidneys.

Rats exposed to hypobaria equivalent to what occurs during aeromedical evacuation within a few days after isolated traumatic brain injury exhibit greater neurologic injury than those remaining at sea level. Moreover, administration of excessive supplemental O2 during hypobaria further exacerbates brain injury. This study tested the hypothesis that exposure of rats to hypobaria following controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced brain injury plus mild hemorrhagic shock worsens multiple organ inflammation and associated mortality.

Acne vulgaris and risk of depression and anxiety: A meta-analytic review.

Background: Several studies have shown an association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety, but a quantitative review has not yet been conducted.

Objective: We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that elucidates the association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature published before October 1, 2019 from the PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases was conducted.

Transcriptional activation of antioxidant gene expression by Nrf2 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death associated with acute and chronic neurodegeneration.

Mitochondria are both a primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a sensitive target of oxidative stress; damage to mitochondria can result in bioenergetic dysfunction and both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. These relationships between mitochondria and cell death are particularly strong in both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. ROS levels are affected by both the production of superoxide and its toxic metabolites and by antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Reduced perineuronal net expression in Fmr1 KO mice auditory cortex and amygdala is linked to impaired fear-associated memory.

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading cause of heritable intellectual disability and autism. Humans with FXS show anxiety, sensory hypersensitivity and impaired learning. The mechanisms of learning impairments can be studied in the mouse model of FXS, the Fmr1 KO mouse, using tone-associated fear memory paradigms.

Oximetry-Guided normoxic resuscitation following canine cardiac arrest reduces cerebellar Purkinje neuronal damage.

Background: Animal studies indicate that maintaining physiologic O levels (normoxia) immediately after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from cardiac arrest (CA) results in less hippocampal neuronal death compared to animals ventilated with 100% O. This study tested the hypothesis that beneficial effects of avoiding hyperoxia following CA are apparent in the cerebellum and therefore not limited to one brain region.

Methods: Adult beagles were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated.

ADRA2B deletion variant and enhanced cognitive processing of emotional information: A meta-analytical review.

This meta-analytical review examines whether a deletion variant in ADRA2B, a gene that encodes α adrenoceptor in the regulation of norepinephrine availability, influences cognitive processing of emotional information in human observers. Using a multilevel modeling approach, this meta-analysis of 16 published studies with a total of 2752 participants showed that ADRA2B deletion variant was significantly associated with enhanced perceptual and cognitive task performance for emotional stimuli. In contrast, this genetic effect did not manifest in overall task performance when non-emotional content was used.

Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Patients With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

Objectives: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common and deadly form of poisoning that is often treated with hyperbaric oxygen. The characteristics of children exposed to CO and then treated with hyperbaric oxygen have not been delineated. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of children treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for CO poisoning at a regional hyperbaric referral center.

Calcium uptake and cytochrome c release from normal and ischemic brain mitochondria.

At abnormally elevated levels of intracellular Ca, mitochondrial Ca uptake may compromise mitochondrial electron transport activities and trigger membrane permeability changes that allow for release of cytochrome c and other mitochondrial apoptotic proteins into the cytosol. In this study, a clinically relevant canine cardiac arrest model was used to assess the effects of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion on mitochondrial Ca uptake capacity, Ca uptake-mediated inhibition of respiration, and Ca-induced cytochrome c release, as measured in vitro in a K-based medium in the presence of Mg, ATP, and NADH-linked oxidizable substrates. Maximum Ca uptake by frontal cortex mitochondria was significantly lower following 10 min cardiac arrest compared to non-ischemic controls.

Aeromedical evacuation-relevant hypobaria worsens axonal and neurologic injury in rats after underbody blast-induced hyperacceleration.

Background: Occupants of military vehicles targeted by explosive devices often suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are typically transported by the aeromedical evacuation (AE) system to a military medical center within a few days. This study tested the hypothesis that exposure of rats to AE-relevant hypobaria worsens cerebral axonal injury and neurologic impairment caused by underbody blasts.

Methods: Anesthetized adult male rats were secured within cylinders attached to a metal plate, simulating the hull of an armored vehicle.

Inhaler syncope.

Syncope can result from certain activities that trigger an exaggerated physiological response in susceptible individuals; examples include cough, laugh, and micturition syncope. We report a novel cause for syncope, that due to reflex bradycardia and asystole produced by the use of asthma inhalers. We discuss the possible mechanisms for this effect and briefly review other breathing-related causes of bradycardia.

Carbon monoxide and ST-elevation myocardial infarction: case reports.

We describe two cases of myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram associated with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, a condition rarely reported in the literature. The first was a 62-year-old woman who experienced chest pain in the emergency department (ED) while being assessed for exposure to carbon monoxide in her home. The second was an 80-year-old man who fainted at home and was found to have ST elevation during the ED workup.

Clinical Utility and Lifespan Profiling of Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

Neurological soft signs (NSSs) bear the promise for early detection of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Nonetheless, the sensitivity and specificity of NSSs in the psychosis continuum remains a topic of controversy. It is also unknown how NSSs reveal neurodevelopmental abnormality in schizophrenia.

Simulated Aeromedical Evacuation Exacerbates Experimental Brain Injury.

Aeromedical evacuation, an important component in the care of many patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly in war zones, exposes them to prolonged periods of hypobaria. The effects of such exposure on pathophysiological changes and outcome after TBI are largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate whether prolonged hypobaria in rats subjected to TBI alters behavioral and histological outcomes.

Hyperoxic resuscitation improves survival but worsens neurologic outcome in a rat polytrauma model of traumatic brain injury plus hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Many traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients experience additional injuries, including those that result in hemorrhagic shock (HS). Interactions between HS and TBI can include reduced brain O2 delivery, resulting in partial cerebral ischemia and worse neurologic outcome. This study tested the hypothesis that inspiration of 100% O2 during resuscitation following TBI and HS improves survival, reduces brain lesion volume, and improves neurologic outcome compared with resuscitation in the absence of supplemental O2.

Reflections on the origins of meta-analysis.

In this interview, we discuss my early uses of meta-analytic procedures, first to combine p-values and then to combine effect sizes as well. My interest in quantifying the magnitude and the statistical significance of the effect of interpersonal expectations probably grew out of the following: (1) a long-held interest in the concept of replication and (2) a series of controversies over the very existence of any effect of interpersonal expectations held, for example, by psychological experimenters, classroom teachers, and leaders of various organizations.

Diabetic retinopathy care--an international quality comparison.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the quality indicator appropriateness and use it for international quality comparison on diabetic retinopathy (DR) patient care process in one American and one Dutch eye hospital.

Design/methodology/approach: A 17-item DR quality indicator set was composed based on a literature review and systematically applied in two hospitals. Qualitative analysis entailed document study and 12 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with ophthalmologists, managers, and board members of the two hospitals.

Continuously Cumulating Meta-Analysis and Replicability.

The current crisis in scientific psychology about whether our findings are irreproducible was presaged years ago by Tversky and Kahneman (1971), who noted that even sophisticated researchers believe in the fallacious Law of Small Numbers-erroneous intuitions about how imprecisely sample data reflect population phenomena. Combined with the low power of most current work, this often leads to the use of misleading criteria about whether an effect has replicated. Rosenthal (1990) suggested more appropriate criteria, here labeled the continuously cumulating meta-analytic (CCMA) approach.

Abnormal origin of the left internal thoracic artery detected only by computed tomography.

The origins of the branches of the subclavian artery are known to be variable. We present the case of a 55-year-old man whose coronary artery bypass surgery necessitated the use of the internal thoracic artery as he lacked other suitable venous conduits. The left internal thoracic artery appeared to be absent on subselective subclavian angiography.