Molecular Features and Stages of Pulmonary Fibrosis Driven by Type 2 Inflammation.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a progressive, multiorgan disease with limited treatment options. Although a recent proof-of-concept study using romilkimab or SAR156597, a bispecific IL-4/IL-13 antibody, suggests a direct role of these cytokines in the pathophysiology of SSc, their contributions to the balance between inflammation and fibrosis are unclear. Here, we determine the roles of type 2 inflammation in fibrogenesis using FRA2-Tg (Fos-related antigen 2-overexpressing transgenic) mice, which develop spontaneous, age-dependent progressive lung fibrosis.

Role of Stromelysin 2 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 10) as a Novel Mediator of Vascular Remodeling Underlying Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: To elucidate the role of gene candidates involved in pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods: Gene candidates were identified through microarray experiments performed on Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST arrays in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) obtained from patients with SSc-associated PH, patients with SSc without PH, and healthy control subjects.

OX40L blockade protects against inflammation-driven fibrosis.

Treatment for fibrosis represents a critical unmet need, because fibrosis is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries, and there is no effective therapy to counteract the fibrotic process. The development of fibrosis relates to the interplay between vessel injury, immune cell activation, and fibroblast stimulation, which can occur in various tissues. Immunotherapies have provided a breakthrough in the treatment of immune diseases.

Predoctoral prescriptive authority curricula: a training option.

The purpose of the current article is to encourage discussion among stakeholders about the viability and benefits of predoctoral prescriptive authority (RxP) training. The existing APA model curriculum for RxP training requires that such training is postdoctoral. However, predoctoral models are potentially viable and offer several distinct advantages: reducing the time and financial costs of training, attracting more applicants with a biopsychosocial orientation, and, as more individuals complete this training, enlarging the constituency for state prescriptive authority initiatives.

Role of cathepsin S in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation.

Ambient ozone has been linked to the worsening of symptoms of patients with obstructive diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. We investigated the role of cathepsin S on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation, using the selective cathepsin S inhibitor, Compound A. Balb/c mice were exposed to ozone at a concentration of 3 ppm or air for 3 h, following administration by gavage of Compound A or vehicle.

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis in the United States.

Unlabelled: Aberrant expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma was described in Asia. Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis in a US institution. A staining score of 0-5 representing the sum of an intensity score and a distribution score was used.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in teens and adults: they don't all outgrow it.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been long recognized and well established in children, but its continuation into adulthood has only recently been supported by the research. ADHD symptoms and concerns typically appear differently in adults, but treatment options, conceptually at least, are similar to those used for children who have ADHD. This article introduces the issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session devoted to ADHD in teens and adults.