Effect of Hamstring-to-quadriceps Ratio on Knee Forces in Females During Landing.

ACL injuries in the athletic population are a common occurrence with over 70% associated with non-contact mechanisms. The hamstring to quadriceps ratio is a widely used clinical measure to assess an athlete's readiness to return to sport; however, its relationship to knee forces and ACL tension during landing is unknown. Baseline isokinetic testing was completed on 100 college-aged females.

Comparison of estimates of Achilles tendon loading from inverse dynamics and inverse dynamics-based static optimisation during running.

Tendon stress may be one of the important risk factors for running-related tendon injury. Several methods have been used to estimate Achilles tendon (AT) loading during a human performance such as inverse dynamics (ID) and inverse dynamics-based static optimisation (IDSO). Our purpose was to examine differences between ID and IDSO estimates of AT loading during running.

Effects of Foot Strike and Step Frequency on Achilles Tendon Stress During Running.

Achilles tendon (AT) injuries are common in runners. The AT withstands high magnitudes of stress during running which may contribute to injury. Our purpose was to examine the effects of foot strike pattern and step frequency on AT stress and strain during running utilizing muscle forces based on a musculoskeletal model and subject-specific ultrasound-derived AT cross-sectional area.

Simulated Y-Site Compatibility of Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam.

Purpose: To evaluate the physical compatibility of vancomycin with piperacillin-tazobactam during simulated Y-site administration.

Methods: Vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam were tested using 2 different diluents: 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose for injection.

Two- and Three-Dimensional Relationships Between Knee and Hip Kinematic Motion Analysis: Single-Leg Drop-Jump Landings.

Context: Hip- and knee-joint kinematics during drop landings are relevant to lower-extremity injury mechanisms. In clinical research the "gold standard" for joint kinematic assessment is 3-dimensional (3D) motion analysis. However, 2-dimensional (2D) kinematic analysis is an objective and feasible alternative.

A quantitative evaluation of medication histories and reconciliation by discipline.

Background/objective: Medication reconciliation at transitions of care decreases medication errors, hospitalizations, and adverse drug events. We compared inpatient medication histories and reconciliation across disciplines and evaluated the nature of discrepancies.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients admitted from the emergency department at our 760-bed hospital.

Variation of Anatomical and Physiological Parameters that Affect Estimates of ACL Loading During Drop Landing.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during drop landing has been recently studied with a sagittal plane knee model developed by Kernozek and Ragan using mean anatomical and physiological parameters obtained from cadaveric and clinical data. It is unknown how estimates in ACL load may be altered due to variations in anatomical and physiological parameters used from other research.

Methods: USING THE SAME MODEL, THESE PARAMETERS WERE SYSTEMATICALLY VARIED, INCLUDING: tibial slope, moment arms of the patellar tendon, hamstring, and gastrocnemius at the knee and ankle, patellar tendon and hamstring line of force, ACL stiffness, and nonlinear muscle activation parameters.

Method for the direct determination of available carbohydrates in low-carbohydrate products using high-performance anion exchange chromatography.

An improved method for direct determination of available carbohydrates in low-level products has been developed and validated for a low-carbohydrate soy infant formula. The method involves modification of an existing direct determination method to improve specificity, accuracy, detection levels, and run times through a more extensive enzymatic digestion to capture all available (or potentially available) carbohydrates. The digestion hydrolyzes all common sugars, starch, and starch derivatives down to their monosaccharide components, glucose, fructose, and galactose, which are then quantitated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with photodiode array detection.

Estimation of anterior cruciate ligament tension from inverse dynamics data and electromyography in females during drop landing.

Background: Recent human performance studies have shown that various kinematic and kinetic parameters may be implicated in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during landing and cutting. In this paper, a phenomenological sagittal plane model was used to estimate the ACL tension during drop landing from the net knee moments and forces, obtained from inverse dynamics and electromyography.

Methods: Model parameters were determined with data from anatomical and ACL loading studies of cadaveric specimens.

Seat-interface pressures on various thicknesses of foam wheelchair cushions: a finite modeling approach.

Objective: To investigate the effect of cushion thickness on subcutaneous pressures during seating by using a finite element modeling approach.

Design: Seat-interface pressure measurements were used in a computational model.

Setting: Biomechanics laboratory.