Urban and rural utilization of evidence-based practices for substance use and mental health disorders.

Purpose: The purpose of the investigation was to examine variations in evidence-based practice (EBP) utilization between rural and urban mental health and substance abuse prevention provider agencies in Washington State.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2007 EBP Survey, which was administered to 250 of Washington State Department of Social and Health Services' contracted mental health and substance abuse treatment agencies. The survey solicited input from solo and group practices across the state on EBP implementation, successes, and challenges.

Biochemical marker of use is a better predictor of outcomes than self-report metrics in a contingency management smoking cessation analog study.

Background And Objectives: This investigation compared cotinine (primary metabolite of nicotine) at study intake to self-report metrics (e.g., Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence [FTND]) and assessed their relative ability to predict smoking outcomes.

Investigating reinforcer magnitude and reinforcer delay: a contingency management analog study.

The influence of reinforcer magnitude and reinforcer delay on smoking abstinence was studied using an analog model of contingency management. Participants (N = 103, 74% men) visited our laboratory 3 times daily for 5 days and received money for providing a breath sample that indicated smoking abstinence (carbon monoxide level ≤6 parts per million). Using a factorial design, we assigned participants randomly to 1 of 4 groups that could earn a total of either $207.

Children discover the spectral skeletons in their native language before the amplitude envelopes.

Much of speech perception research has focused on brief spectro-temporal properties in the signal, but some studies have shown that adults can recover linguistic form when those properties are absent. In this experiment, 7-year-old English-speaking children demonstrated adultlike abilities to understand speech when only sine waves (SWs) replicating the 3 lowest resonances of the vocal tract were presented, but they failed to demonstrate comparable abilities when noise bands amplitude-modulated with envelopes derived from the same signals were presented. In contrast, adults who were not native English speakers but who were competent 2nd-language learners were worse at understanding both kinds of stimuli than native English-speaking adults.