Sinusoidal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Cytologic Mimic of Carcinoma and Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Sinusoidal large B-cell lymphoma (SLBCL) is a rare morphologic variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is associated with poor outcomes. The diagnosis of SLBCL may be challenging due to its unique morphologic features on cytologic preparation and histologic section. This case report describes the incidental diagnosis of SLBCL with a focus on comparative cyto-histologic findings.

New bone formation over dehiscent semicircular canal with cartilage cap.

Purpose: Cartilage cap resurfacing is a method to seal a superior semicircular canal dehiscence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection of new bone formation after surgical placement of a cartilage cap over a dehiscent semicircular canal.

Methods: In this retrospective review, two neuroradiologists blinded to each other's interpretation reviewed the temporal bones of 20 patients, five of which had a pre-operative computed tomography (CT) exam which was interpreted as unilateral superior semicircular canal dehiscence and with new bone formation following repair on follow-up CT.

Creation of an optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasound model for NeuroICU education.

Background: Using ultrasound to measure optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is an emerging bedside technique to noninvasively assess intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with brain injury. This technique is unique among bedside ultrasonography and is often performed by providers who have no formal ultrasound training. We sought to create a low-cost, 3D, reusable ONSD model to train neurology, neurosurgery, and critical care providers in measuring ICP.

Three-Dimensional-Printed Model as a Template for Chest Wall Reconstruction.

Background: To our knowledge, this is the first time that a three-dimensional (3D)-printed model was used as an intraoperative template to recreate the resected portion of the lateral chest wall after resection of a large chest-wall tumour.

Methods: Fabrication of 3D-printed models requires collaboration among a surgeon, radiologist, segmenter, and 3D printing centre. Three-dimensional models are created with computed tomographic and magnetic resonance data.

The Capabilities and Limitations of Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Kidney Stones: A Retrospective Study.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the performance of currently available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting kidney stones, compared to computed tomography (CT) results, and to determine the characteristics of successfully detected stones. Patients who had undergone both abdominal/pelvic CT and MRI exams within 30 days were studied. The images were reviewed by two expert radiologists blinded to the patients' respective radiological diagnoses.

Detection of different kidney stone types: an ex vivo comparison of ultrashort echo time MRI to reference standard CT.

Background And Purpose: With the development of ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences, it may now be possible to detect kidney stones by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, kidney stones of varying composition and sizes were imaged using both UTE MRI as well as the reference standard of computed tomography (CT), with different surrounding materials and scan setups.

Methods: One hundred and fourteen kidney stones were inserted into agarose and urine phantoms and imaged both on a dual-energy CT (DECT) scanner using a standard renal stone imaging protocol and on an MRI scanner using the UTE sequence with both head and body surface coils.

Association Between Advances in High-Resolution Cross-Section Imaging Technologies and Increase in Prevalence of Pancreatic Cysts From 2005 to 2014.

Background & Aims: Increasingly, pancreatic cysts are discovered incidentally in patients undergoing cross-sectional imaging for nonpancreatic reasons. It is unclear whether this increase is caused by improved detection by progressively more sophisticated cross-sectional imaging techniques or by a true increase in prevalence. We aimed to determine the prevalence of incidental pancreatic cysts in patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for nonpancreatic indications on successive, increasingly sophisticated MRI systems.

Motion artifacts in kidney stone imaging using single-source and dual-source dual-energy CT scanners: a phantom study.

Purpose: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has shown the capability of differentiating uric acid (UA) from non-UA stones with 90-100% accuracy. With the invention of dual-source (DS) scanners, both low- and high-energy images are acquired simultaneously. However, DECT can also be performed by sequential acquisition of both images on single-source (SS) scanners.

Kidney stone imaging with 3D ultra-short echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging. A phantom study.

Computed tomography (CT) is the current gold standard for imaging kidney stones, albeit at the cost of radiation exposure. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are insensitive to detecting the stones because of their appearance as a signal void. With the development of 2D ultra-short echo-time (UTE) MRI sequences, it becomes possible to image kidney stones in vitro.

SPECT-negative SIRPIDs: less aggressive neurointensive care?

Introduction: The management of EEG patterns in comatose intensive care unit patients remains poorly studied regarding whether aggressive management improves outcomes. We hypothesized that stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs) could be classified as ictal and interictal using single-photon emission computerized tomographic (SPECT) imaging to help guide aggressive or deescalate anticonvulsant management.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all cases of ICU patients at a single center, tertiary care academic center for evidence of SIRPIDs with concomitant SPECT imaging over a one year period.

Validation of frontal near-infrared spectroscopy as noninvasive bedside monitoring for regional cerebral blood flow in brain-injured patients.

Object: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers noninvasive bedside measurement of direct regional cerebral arteriovenous (mixed) brain oxygenation. To validate the accuracy of this monitoring technique, the authors analyzed the statistical correlation of NIRS and CT perfusion with respect to regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed all cases in which NIRS measurements were obtained at a single, academic neurointensive care unit from February 2008 to June 2011 in which CT perfusion was performed at the same time as NIRS data was collected.

MR imaging of brainstem atrophy in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Background: To enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), neuroradiological parameters established in pathologically proven cases are needed.

Methods: We examined brainstem atrophy in five pathologically confirmed PSP patients (three men, mean age at death 77 years, range 64-84 years). Time interval between symptom onset and MRI ranged from 1 to 5 years, and between MRI and death from 33 to 52 months.

Measurement of caval blood flow with MRI during respiratory maneuvers: implications for vascular contrast opacification on pulmonary CT angiographic studies.

Objective: Transient interruption of the contrast bolus has been described as a physiologic artifact that can sometimes result in poor opacification of the pulmonary arteries on pulmonary CT angiographic studies. To better understand the mechanism underlying this artifact, we used velocity-encoded cine MRI to measure flow in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and superior vena cava (SVC) during respiratory maneuvers.

Subjects And Methods: Quantitative measurements of SVC and IVC flow per R-R interval were performed on 10 healthy volunteers (six men, four women; median age, 30 years; range, 25-55 years) with a retrospectively ECG-gated velocity-encoded gradient-echo cine sequence on a 1.

Clinical-pathologic study of biomarkers in FTDP-17 (PPND family with N279K tau mutation).

The objective of this clinical-pathologic study was to identify biomarkers for a pallidopontonigral degeneration (PPND) kindred of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) harboring the N279K tau mutation. Five affected subjects, one at-risk who later became symptomatic, and one at-risk asymptomatic mutation carrier, had abnormal (18)fluorodeoxyglucose PET demonstrating asymmetric temporal lobe hypometabolism. All except the asymptomatic mutation carrier had abnormal brain MRI.

AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: fundamental physics of MR imaging.

Learning the basic concepts required to understand magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a straightforward process. Although the individual concepts are simple, there are many concepts to learn and retain simultaneously; this situation may give the illusion that learning the physics of MR imaging is complicated. It is important for the radiologist who interprets MR images to understand the methods used to create the images because image contrast specifically depends on how the image data were acquired.

Magnetic resonance imaging and deep brain stimulation.

Objective: To determine whether cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead displacement or program interference.

Methods: In vitro and in vivo studies were performed with the Itrel II implantable pulse generator (IPG) (Model 7424; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN), Medtronic 3387 and 3389 leads, and a 1.5-T GE Horizon LX scanner (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI).