Therapeutic efficacy of generic artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ghana: assessing anti-malarial efficacy amidst pharmacogenetic variations.

Background: Despite efforts made to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with malaria, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, malaria continues to be a public health concern that requires innovative efforts to reach the WHO-set zero malaria agenda. Among the innovations is the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) that is effective against Plasmodium falciparum. Generic artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is used to treat uncomplicated malaria after appropriate diagnosis.

Synergistic antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid co-administered with selected antidepressants.

Background: Xylopic acid (XA), a kaurene diterpene from the dried fruits of has anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activity in mice and zebrafish. We aimed to assess the potential synergistic antidepressant-like effects of XA when combined with selected antidepressants in the mouse forced-swim test.

Materials And Methods: The antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid (XA) (10, 30, 100 mgkg), fluoxetine (Flx) (3, 10, 30 mgkg), sertraline (Sert) (3, 10, 30 mgkg), imipramine (Imi) (10, 30, 100 mgkg-1) and ketamine (Ket) (0.

Antibacterial, Resistance Modulation, Anti-Biofilm Formation, and Efflux Pump Inhibition Properties of (Willd.) N. Halle (Celastraceae) Stem Extract and Its Constituents.

This study investigated the antibacterial, resistance modulation, biofilm inhibition, and efflux pump inhibition potentials of stem extract and its constituents. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by the high-throughput spot culture growth inhibition (HT-SPOTi) and broth microdilution assays. The resistance modulation activity was investigated using the anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition assays.

A consideration of CYP2D6 genetic variations in the Ghanaian population as a potential 'culprit' for the tramadol 'abuse crisis'.

Background: Cytochrome P450 2D6 is involved in the metabolism of several important medicines including opioids. Variations in CYP2D6 have been implicated in drug response and according to the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline (CPIC) for CYP2D6, dosing for CYP2D6 substrates should be based on variants carried by individuals. Although CYP2D6 variations in Ghana had been previously recorded, not all variants have been reported in the Ghanaian population.

Anxiolytic-like effects of Pseudospondias microcarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract in zebrafish: Possible involvement of GABAergic and serotonergic pathways.

Pseudospondias microcarpa is used in ethnomedicine to manage central nervous system diseases. The hydroethanolic extract (PME) from the leaves of the plant has shown anxiolytic-like properties in mice anxiety models. However, its effects in chronic anxiety models and possible mechanism(s) of action were not studied.

Compendium of medically important snakes, venom activity and clinical presentations in Ghana.

Background: Snake bite envenoming (SBE) is one neglected tropical disease that has not received the needed attention. The sequelae of burdensome disability and mortality impact the socioeconomic life of communities adversely with little documentation of SBE in health facility records in Ghana. This study details SBE and snake distribution, habits/habitats, type of venom expressed and clinical manifestations.

Modulating Effects of the Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of R. Br. Soják (Polygonaceae) against Acute Inflammation.

Plant species have been used traditionally to treat numerous inflammatory disorders because of their known medicinal properties. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of using acute inflammatory models. The safety profile of the extract was assessed using an acute toxicity model.

Apolipoprotein E genetic variation, atherogenic index and cardiovascular disease risk assessment in an African population: An analysis of HIV and malaria patients in Ghana.

Background: Apolipoprotein E is involved in lipid transport and clearance of lipoprotein through low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). ApoE variation has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. There are 3 isoforms of ApoE which originate from two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms denoted as ε2, ε3 and ε4.

Fast-onset effects of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) hydroethanolic leaf extract on behavioral alterations induced by chronic mild stress in mice.

Introduction: Pseudospondias microcarpa (Anacardiaceae) is a plant widely used traditionally for treating various central nervous system disorders. A previous study in our laboratory confirmed that the hydroethanolic leaf extract (PME) of the plant produces an antidepressant-like effect in rodent models of behavioral despair. However, its effect on depressive-like behavior induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) and its time course of action are still unknown.

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the stem bark extract and some constituents of (DC.) dandy (rubiaceae).

Unlabelled: (DC.) Dandy (Rubiaceae) is used to treat various microbial and inflammatory conditions by traditional healers in West African countries. However, there is no information on anti-inflammatory potential of .

Extract of and its kaurene diterpene, xylopic acid, improve learning and memory in mice.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction, presenting as learning and memory impairment, is a common manifestation in many chronic diseases of the nervous system. Some of these diseases include depression, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. To date, few drugs or medicinal products have shown ability to improve learning and memory deficits.

Depression in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Mood disorders can be considered among the most common and debilitating mental disorders. Major depression, as an example of mood disorders, is known to severely reduce the quality of life as well as psychosocial functioning of those affected. Its impact on the burden of disease worldwide has been enormous, with the World Health Organisation projecting depression to be the leading cause of mental illness by 2030.

Low incidence of COVID-19 case severity and mortality in Africa; Could malaria co-infection provide the missing link?

Background: Despite reports of malaria and coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) co-infection, malaria-endemic regions have so far recorded fewer cases of COVID-19 and deaths from COVID-19, indicating a probable protection from the poor outcome of COVID-19 by malaria. On the contrary, other evidence suggests that malaria might contribute to the death caused by COVID-19. Hence, this paper reviewed existing evidence hypothesizing poor outcome or protection of COVID-19 patients when co-infected with malaria.

Effects of in utero exposure to monosodium glutamate on locomotion, anxiety, depression, memory and KCC2 expression in offspring.

In pregnancy, there is a significant risk for developing embryos to be adversely affected by everyday chemicals such as food additives and environmental toxins. In recent times, several studies have documented the detrimental effect of exposure to such chemicals on the behaviour and neurodevelopment of the offspring. This study evaluated the influence of the food additive, monosodium glutamate (MSG), on behaviour and development in mice.

Celecoxib exhibits therapeutic potential in experimental model of hyperlipidaemia.

Hyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death globally. Celecoxib attenuated hypercholesterolaemia associated with CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats without improving liver function in our previous study. This present study investigated the lipid lowering potential of celecoxib in normal rats fed with coconut oil subjected to five deep-frying episodes.

Analgesic Effect of Involves Inhibition of Inflammatory Mediators and Modulation of K Channels, Opioidergic and Nitrergic Pathways.

The diversity offered by natural products has timelessly positioned them as a good source for novel therapeutics for the management of diverse medical conditions, including pain. This study evaluated hydro-ethanolic root bark extract of (ZAE) as well as β-amyrin and polpunonic acid isolated from the plant for analgesic property. The study also investigated the mechanism responsible for this action in the extract.

Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects and Subacute Toxicity of the Aerial Parts of J.B.Hall (Rubiaceae) in Murine Models.

Background: The present study aimed at validating the traditional use and toxicity profile of a methanolic extract of the aerial parts of in alleviating depression and anxiety disorders.

Method: The antidepressant effect of methanolic extract of (PAE 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, .) was assessed in mice using the forced swim test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST).

Neuropharmacological Assessment of the Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of (Ait). R. Br. (Apocynaceae) in Mice.

Background: has been widely used traditionally for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is also reportedly used in ethnomedicine for mental health disorders including epilepsy even in the absence of supporting scientific data. Thus, the potential of the plant to affect neurological functions was evaluated.

The Anticonvulsant Effect of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of (Ait) R. Br. (Apocynaceae).

A number of currently used drugs have been obtained from medicinal plants which are a major source of drugs. These drugs are either used in their pure form or modified to a semisynthetic drug. Drug discovery through natural product research has been fruitful over the years.

Evidence of an antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid mediated by serotonergic mechanisms.

Background: Depression causes significant debilitating symptoms and economic burden. Current management is challenged by slow onset of action and modest efficacies of antidepressants; thus, the search for newer antidepressants remains relevant. We evaluated the antidepressant effects of a kaurene diterpene, xylopic acid (XA), in zebrafish and mouse models.

Xylopic acid-amodiaquine and xylopic acid-artesunate combinations are effective in managing malaria in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

Background: Evidence of Plasmodium resistance to some of the current anti-malarial agents makes it imperative to search for newer and effective drugs to combat malaria. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the co-administrations of xylopic acid-amodiaquine and xylopic acid-artesunate combinations will produce a synergistic anti-malarial effect.

Methods: Antiplasmodial effect of xylopic acid (XA: 3, 10, 30, 100, 150 mg kg), artesunate (ART: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg kg), and amodiaquine (AQ: 1.

Antidepressant-like effect of Albizia zygia root extract in murine models.

Background Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F.

Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of DC. Stem Bark Extract in Mice.

Introduction: The stem bark extract of DC. (Capparaceae) is used as a traditional remedy for management of anxiety, psychosis, and epilepsy.

Aim Of The Study: We therefore aimed at evaluating the anxiolytic and antidepressant potential of the plant in mice models.

Toxicological Assessment of (A. Rich.) Engl. Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract in Rats: Haematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Studies.

is used traditionally for treating various diseases. However, although parts of the plant are extensively used in African traditional medicine, no scientific study has been reported on its toxicity. Therefore, this study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity studies of the ethanolic extract of in rats.

DC. (Capparaceae) Stem Bark Extract Protects against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Oxidative Stress and Seizures in Rats.

Introduction: The stem bark of DC. (Capparaceae) is traditionally used for management of epilepsy. Our aim was to evaluate the antiseizure potential and identify possible mechanisms by which the effects are registered.