Epidemiology of clavicle shaft fractures in a public hospital in South Africa: differences between developing and developed countries.

Purpose: Describing the epidemiological profile of patients with acute clavicle shaft fractures in a developing country public state hospital where mainly low- to middle-income patients are treated.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of all clavicle shaft fractures between 2008 and 2018 (10 years) based on Picture Archiving and Communication System at the second largest public hospital in South Africa.

Results: One thousand and three patients, 729 male and 274 female, were included in the epidemiological review.

Management of clavicle shaft fractures with intramedullary devices: a narrative review.

Introduction: Displaced and shortened clavicle fractures are frequently treated surgically. Although extramedullary fixation using a plate and screws is most commonly used, intramedullary nailing has become increasingly popular over the last decade. Traditional intramedullary nailing is usually associated with a high risk of hardware migration as well as hardware irritation at its entry point.

Gait Pattern of Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Spastic Diplegia More Than 15 Years after Being Treated with an Interval Surgery Approach: Implications for Low-Resource Settings.

Background: Single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) approach is regarded as the golden standard in developed countries to improve gait and functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, this approach is not always feasible in developing countries. Therefore, orthopedic surgery based on an interval surgery approach (ISA) is still commonly used in developing countries, although little is known about the long term outcomes of an ISA.

Training Prescription Guided by Heart-Rate Variability in Cycling.

Purpose: Road cycling is a sport with extreme physiological demands. Therefore, there is a need to find new strategies to improve performance. Heart-rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as an effective alternative for prescribing training load against predefined training programs.

Methods of prescribing relative exercise intensity: physiological and practical considerations.

Exercise prescribed according to relative intensity is a routine feature in the exercise science literature and is intended to produce an approximately equivalent exercise stress in individuals with different absolute exercise capacities. The traditional approach has been to prescribe exercise intensity as a percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) or maximum heart rate (HRmax) and these methods remain common in the literature. However, exercise intensity prescribed at a %VO2max or %HRmax does not necessarily place individuals at an equivalent intensity above resting levels.