Extracts Contain Multiple Potent Antitumor Compounds with Nematocidal Activity, Triggering an Activated DNA Damage Checkpoint and Defective Meiotic Progression.

Previously, we analyzed 316 herbal extracts to evaluate their potential nematocidal properties in In this study, our attention was directed towards ., resulting in reduced survival and heightened larval arrest/lethality, alongside a noticeable decrease in DAPI-stained bivalent structures and disrupted meiotic progression, thus disrupting developmental processes. Notably, .

Exploring the Impact of and Extracts on : Implications for MAPK Modulation, Germline Development, and Antitumor Properties.

In an era of increasing interest in the potential health benefits of medicinal foods, the need to assess their safety and potential toxicity remains a critical concern. While these natural remedies have garnered substantial attention for their therapeutic potential, a comprehensive understanding of their effects on living organisms is essential. We examined 316 herbal extracts to determine their potential nematocidal attributes in .

Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Pyrones from a Strain.

The emergence of drug resistant microbes over recent decades represents one of the greatest threats to human health; the resilience of many of these organisms can be attributed to their ability to produce biofilms. Natural products have played a crucial role in drug discovery, with microbial natural products in particular proving a rich and diverse source of antimicrobial agents. During antimicrobial activity screening, the strain P33 was found to inhibit the growth of multiple pathogens.

Molecular networking-driven isolation of 8'-Glycosylated biscoumarins from Cruciata articulata.

A molecular networking-guided phytochemical investigation of Cruciata articulata led to the isolation of five unreported biscoumarins, four of which were characterized by a shared 6-methoxy-7,8'-dihydroxy-3,7'-biscoumarin aglycone. These were isolated alongside two known coumarin glycosides, daphnetin-8-O-β-D-glucoside and 6'-acetoxy-daphnetin-8-O-β-D-glucoside. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments, in combination with chemical transformation and MS/MS fragmentation analysis.

Cruciasides C-G, monoterpenoid glycosides from Cruciata articulata.

Cruciata articulata (L.) Ehrend. is a herbaceous species distributed in parts of Western Asia and the Mediterranean region.

Feruloyl sucrose derivatives from the root of Xerophyllum tenax.

A phytochemical investigation of the roots of Xerophyllum tenax led to the isolation of three undescribed feruloyl sucrose derivatives along with two known feruloyl sucrose derivatives, heloniosides A and B. This is the first report of their occurrence in the genus Xerophyllum and the family Melanthiaceae. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR and analysis of MS-MS fragmentation.

Potential anti-neuroblastoma agents from Juniperus oblonga.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neuroendocrine tumor derived from neural crest cells. Approximately 90% of cases occur in children less than 5 years old. The amplification of MYCN correlates with high-risk neuroblastoma and patients with MYCN amplified showed poorer prognosis than those without MYCN amplification.

Unusual Flavones from Primula macrocalyx as Inhibitors of OAT1 and OAT3 and as Antifungal Agents against Candida rugosa.

A bioactivity guided program exploring the interaction of phytochemicals in the entire plant Primula macrocalyx with the organic anion transporters (OAT1 and OAT3) and microorganisms led to the elucidation of ten known flavones (1-4, 6-10, 12) and two previously undescribed flavones (5, 11). The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, as well as by comparison with data from previous reports. Two known flavones (9, 12) are reported for the first time from the family Primulaceae.

Labdane and Abietane Diterpenoids from and Their Cytotoxic Activity.

A phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of led to the isolationof one previously undescribed labdane diterpenoid, (4,5,9,10)-13-des-ethyl-13-oxolabda-8(17),11-dien-19-oic acid (), together with nine known diterpenoids (-, -), two lignans (, ),and a coumarin (). The structures of all the compounds were elucidated on the basis ofspectrometric data, primarily one-dimensional (1D)- and two-dimensional (2D)-NMR and massspectrometry. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations determined the absoluteconfiguration of .

Dihydrophenanthrenes from Juncus effusus as Inhibitors of OAT1 and OAT3.

Organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1) and 3 (OAT3) play important roles in the renal elimination of a range of substrate molecules. Little is known about natural products that can modulate OAT1 and OAT3 activities. The medullae of Juncus effusus is often used for the treatment of dysuria in traditional Chinese medicine.

Biflavonoids from Juniperus oblonga inhibit organic anion transporter 3.

Organic anion transporters (OATs in humans, Oats in rodents) play an important role in the distribution and excretion of numerous endogenous metabolic products and exogenous organic anions, including a host of widely prescribed drugs. Their ligand recognition is also important for drug therapy and development. In this study, the n-butanol and dichloromethane soluble fractions of Juniperus oblonga were found to inhibit OAT3 in vitro and three biflavonoids were found to be responsible for this activity.

Isoflavones from Camphorosma lessingii Inhibit the Organic Anion Transporters OAT1 and OAT3.

Phytochemical investigation of has resulted in the isolation of four previously unreported isoflavones (1: -4: ) and eight known compounds (5: -12: ). Nine of these compounds (1: -6, 8: -10: ) are reported for the first time from members of the family Amaranthaceae. The structures of all isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, primarily one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.

Interactions of 172 plant extracts with human organic anion transporter 1 (SLC22A6) and 3 (SLC22A8): a study on herb-drug interactions.

Background: Herb-drug interactions (HDIs) resulting from concomitant use of herbal products with clinical drugs may cause adverse reactions. Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and 3 (OAT3) are highly expressed in the kidney and play a key role in the renal elimination of substrate drugs. So far, little is known about the herbal extracts that could modulate OAT1 and OAT3 activities.

Scrophularia orientalis extract induces calcium signaling and apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells.

Effective neuroblastoma (NB) treatments are still limited despite treatment options available today. Therefore, this study attempted to identify novel plant extracts that have anticancer effects. Cytotoxicity and increased intracellular calcium levels were determined using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and Fluo4-AM (acetoxymethyl) staining and fluorescence microscopy in NB cells in order to screen a library of plant extracts.

Unusual Flavonoid Glycosides from the Hawaiian Tree Metrosideros polymorpha.

Metrosideros polymorpha is a highly variable and widely-distributed tree native to the Hawaiian islands. We describe here the isolation of two new gossypetin derivatives and three new C-methylated flavonol glycosides, which are highly uncommon and may prove to be useful chemotaxonomic markers for the species. In addition, a wide range of known flavonoid glycosides, chalcones, and terpenoids were isolated alongside the new compounds.

Chemotaxonomy of Hawaiian Anthurium cultivars based on multivariate analysis of phenolic metabolites.

Thirty-six anthurium varieties, sampled from species and commercial cultivars, were extracted and profiled by liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Three hundred fifteen compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoid glycosides, and other phenolics, were detected from these extracts and used in chemotaxonomic analysis of the specimens. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed close chemical similarities between all the commercial standard cultivars, while tulip-shaped cultivars and species displayed much greater chemical variation.

Herbicidin congeners, undecose nucleosides from an organic extract of Streptomyces sp. L-9-10.

Four new undecose nucleosides (herbicidin congeners), three known herbicidins, and 9-(β-d-arabinofuranosyl)hypoxanthine (Ara-H) were isolated from the organic extract of a fermentation culture of Streptomyces sp. L-9-10 using proton NMR-guided fractionation. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry analyses.

Biologically active withanolides from Withania coagulans.

Bioassay-directed isolation and purification of the crude extract of Withania coagulans, using two assays for cancer chemopreventive mechanisms, led to the isolation of three new steroidal lactones, withacoagulin G (1), withacoagulin H (2), and withacoagulin I (3), along with six known derivatives (4-9). The structures and absolute stereochemistry of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, and CD analyses. The structure of 1 was confirmed using X-ray diffraction methods.

Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactones from the flower of Vernonia cinerea.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane extract from the flowers of Vernonia cinerea (Asteraceae) led to the isolation of a new sesquiterpene lactone, 8α-hydroxyhirsutinolide (2), and a new naturally occurring derivative, 8α-hydroxyl-1-O-methylhirsutinolide (3), along with seven known compounds (1 and 4-9). The structures of the new compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and by comparison with the structure of compound 1, whose relative stereochemistry was determined by X-ray analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cancer chemopreventive potential based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB activity.

Flavone C-glycosides from Anthurium andraeanum.

We describe here the isolation of three flavone 6-C-glycosides from the leaves of Anthurium andraeanum, The two new flavones were identified through detailed spectroscopic analysis as 4"'-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-embinin (2) and 4"'-ferruloyl-embinin (3).

Diterpenoid, steroid, and triterpenoid agonists of liver X receptors from diversified terrestrial plants and marine sources.

It has been demonstrated that liver X receptors (LXR) play a significant role in cholesterol homeostasis. Agonists of LXR are expected to increase cellular cholesterol efflux, lower LDL, and raise HDL levels. Screening of a natural product library of plant extracts using a LXR-SPA binding assay and bioassay-guided fractionation of a number of plant and marine gorgonian extracts led to the isolation of a number of active compounds.

Guttiferone I, a new prenylated benzophenone from Garcinia humilis as a liver X receptor ligand.

Liver X receptors (LXR) have been implicated in cholesterol homeostasis. Agonists of LXR are expected to increase cholesterol efflux, lower LDL, and raise HDL levels. Screening of a natural product library of plant extracts using a LXR-SPA binding assay and bioassay-guided fractionation of the bark and stem extract of Garcinia humilis led to the discovery of a new polyisoprenylated benzophenone named guttiferone I (1).

Discovery of structurally diverse natural product antagonists of chemokine receptor CXCR3.

The chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) and associated CXCR3 receptor are expressed during the inflammatory process from multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis or organ transplantation resulting in the recruitment of lymphocytes leading to tissue damage. It is hypothesized that blocking of the ligand/CXCR3 receptor interaction has potential to provide opportunity for development of agents that would block tissue rejection. In this paper, four classes of natural product inhibitors (IC50 ranging 0.

Isolation and structure of antagonists of chemokine receptor (CCR5).

Human CCR5 is a G-coupled receptor that binds to the envelope protein gp120 and CD4 and mediates the HIV-1 viral entry into the cells. The blockade of this binding by a small molecule receptor antagonist could lead to a new mode of action agent for HIV-1 and AIDS. Screening of natural product extracts led to the identification of anibamine (1), a novel pyridine quaternary alkaloid as a TFA salt, from Aniba sp.

Rediocides B-E, potent insecticides from Trigonostemon reidioides.

Four new congeners, rediocides B-E (2-5), of the previously reported rediocide A (1) were isolated from a methanol extract of the roots of the plant Trigonostemon reidioides. The structures of these minor analogues were elucidated by comparison of their NMR and mass spectral data with those of rediocide A and confirmed by extensive 2D NMR spectral analysis. They all possess potent activity against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) in an artificial membrane feeding system and exhibited LD(90) values ranging from 0.