Attitudes, Practices and Understanding of health workers and caregivers regarding the relationship between severe pneumonia and malnutrition in children: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Severe Pneumonia is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Many children with severe pneumonia are reported to die in hospital as well as following discharge due to malnutrition. Severe pneumonia is a catabolic illness, which predisposes to severe malnutrition.

Socio-emotional and adaptive behaviour in children treated for severe anaemia at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Severe anaemia is a global public health challenge commonly associated with morbidity and mortality among children < 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, less is known about the behavioural performance of children < 5 years surviving severe anaemia in low resource settings. We investigated social-emotional and adaptive behaviour in children < 5 years diagnosed with severe anaemia in Northern Uganda.

Long-term Behavioral Problems in Children With Severe Malaria.

Background: Severe malaria in children is associated with long-term neurocognitive impairment, but it is unclear whether it is associated with long-term behavioral problems.

Methods: Children <5 years old with cerebral malaria (CM) or severe malarial anemia (SMA) treated at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda were assessed for behavioral outcomes at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months using the Child Behavior Checklist. Sample sizes at 0, 12, and 24 months were 122, 100, and 80 in the CM group, 130, 98, and 81 in the SMA group, and 149, 123, and 90 in healthy community control (CC) children, respectively.

Solar-powered oxygen delivery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood mortality globally. Oxygen therapy improves survival in children with pneumonia, yet its availability remains limited in many resource-constrained settings where most deaths occur. Solar-powered oxygen delivery could be a sustainable method to improve oxygen delivery in remote areas with restricted access to a supply chain of compressed oxygen cylinders and reliable electrical power.

Nodding syndrome in Ugandan children--clinical features, brain imaging and complications: a case series.

Objectives: Nodding syndrome is a devastating neurological disorder of uncertain aetiology affecting children in Africa. There is no diagnostic test, and risk factors and symptoms that would allow early diagnosis are poorly documented. This study aimed to describe the clinical, electrophysiological and brain imaging (MRI) features and complications of nodding syndrome in Ugandan children.

Nitric oxide for the adjunctive treatment of severe malaria: hypothesis and rationale.

We hypothesize that supplemental inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) will improve outcomes in children with severe malaria receiving standard antimalarial therapy. The rationale for the hypothesized efficacy of iNO rests on: (1) biological plausibility, based on known actions of NO in modulating endothelial activation; (2) pre-clinical efficacy data from animal models of experimental cerebral malaria; and (3) a human trial of the NO precursor l-arginine, which improved endothelial function in adults with severe malaria. iNO is an attractive new candidate for the adjunctive treatment of severe malaria, given its proven therapeutic efficacy in animal studies, track record of safety in clinical practice and numerous clinical trials, inexpensive manufacturing costs, and ease of administration in settings with limited healthcare infrastructure.

Low levels of RANTES are associated with mortality in children with cerebral malaria.

Background: In children with cerebral malaria (CM), serum chemokine levels and associated morbidity and mortality have not been characterized.

Methods: Serum levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 beta , IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were measured in Ugandan children with CM, in children with uncomplicated malaria (UM), and in healthy children from the community, as control subjects (CCs).

Results: Children with CM had lower levels of RANTES and higher levels of all other cytokines and chemokines than CCs (all P<.