Mistaken identity: granular cell astrocytoma masquerading as histiocytosis of the central nervous system.

Granular cell astrocytoma (GCA) is an uncommon malignant glial tumour that is associated with a poor prognosis. GCA cells have some morphological and immunohistochemical similarities to macrophages. In this case, a small biopsy contained no typical astrocytoma and large rounded lesional cells were interpreted as negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 and positive for CD68, a commonly used marker for macrophages.

Isolation of compensatory inhibitor domain mutants to novel activation domain variants using the split-ubiquitin screen.

The control of transcription factor function plays an important role in the development of many processes in eukaryotes, such as drug resistance in fungi and human tumours undergoing chemotherapy. Detailed molecular mapping of the interactions between transcription factors and their protein partners can give important information about their mechanisms of action and reveal potential therapeutic targets. We devised a genetic screening system for mapping the interaction site between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor-inhibitor pair Gal4p and Gal80p.

Mutation of a phosphorylatable residue in Put3p affects the magnitude of rapamycin-induced PUT1 activation in a Gat1p-dependent manner.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae can utilize high quality (e.g. glutamine and ammonia) as well as low quality (e.

Transmission by Olpidium brassicae of Mirafiori lettuce virus and Lettuce big-vein virus, and Their Roles in Lettuce Big-Vein Etiology.

ABSTRACT Big-vein disease occurs on lettuce worldwide in temperate conditions; the causal agent has been presumed to be Lettuce big-vein virus (LBVV), genus Varicosavirus, vectored by the soilborne fungus Olpidium brassicae. Recently, the role of LBVV in the etiology of big-vein disease has been questioned because a second soilborne virus, Mirafiori lettuce virus (MiLV), genus Ophiovirus, has been found frequently in big-vein-affected lettuce. LBVV and MiLV, detectable and distinguishable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using specific antisera, were tested for their ability to be transmitted from lettuce to lettuce by mechanical inoculation of sap extracts, or by zoospores of O.

Galactose metabolism in yeast-structure and regulation of the leloir pathway enzymes and the genes encoding them.

The enzymes of the Leloir pathway catalyze the conversion of galactose to a more metabolically useful version, glucose-6-phosphate. This pathway is required as galactose itself cannot be used for glycolysis directly. In most organisms, including the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, five enzymes are required to catalyze this conversion: a galactose mutarotase, a galactokinase, a galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, a UDP-galactose-4-epimerase, and a phosphoglucomutase.

Metabolic control of transcription: paradigms and lessons from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The comparatively simple eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae is composed of some 6000 individual genes. Specific sets of these genes can be transcribed co-ordinately in response to particular metabolic signals. The resultant integrated response to nutrient challenge allows the organism to survive and flourish in a variety of environmental conditions while minimal energy is expended upon the production of unnecessary proteins.