Long-term antibiotic exposure landscapes and resistant Escherichia coli colonization in a densely populated setting.

Antibiotic exposure is associated with resistant bacterial colonization, but this relationship can be obscured in community settings owing to horizontal bacterial transmission and broad distributions. Locality-level exposure estimates considering inhabitants' length of stay, exposure history, and exposure conditions of areas nearby could clarify these relationships. We used prescription data filled during 2010-2015 for 23 antibiotic types for members of georeferenced households in a population-based infectious disease surveillance platform.

Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Group by Residents of an Urban Informal Settlement in Kenya.

Background: The group constitutes animal-associated bacteria but can comprise up to 4% of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from human clinical samples. They are reservoirs of resistance genes that are transferable to but their distribution in communities in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown despite the clinical importance of methicillin-resistant .

Objectives: We characterised methicillin-resistant group isolates from nasal swabs of presumably healthy people living in an informal settlement in Nairobi to identify their resistance patterns, and carriage of two methicillin resistance genes.

Risk Factors for Colonization With Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Among Hospitalized Patients in Kenya: An Antibiotic Resistance in Communities and Hospitals (ARCH) Study.

Background: The spread of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represents a significant global public health threat. We identified putative risk factors for ESCrE and CRE colonization among patients in 1 urban and 3 rural hospitals in Kenya.

Methods: During a January 2019 and March 2020 cross-sectional study, stool samples were collected from randomized inpatients and tested for ESCrE and CRE.

Dynamic Incidence of Typhoid Fever over a 10-Year Period (2010-2019) in Kibera, an Urban Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.

Typhoid fever burden can vary over time. Long-term data can inform prevention strategies; however, such data are lacking in many African settings. We reexamined typhoid fever incidence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) over a 10-year period in Kibera, a densely populated urban informal settlement where a high burden has been previously described.

Prevalence of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria in communities and hospitals in Kenya.

We estimated the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in communities and hospitals in Kenya to identify human colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nasal and fecal specimen were collected from inpatients and community residents in Nairobi (urban) and Siaya (rural) counties. Swabs were plated on chromogenic agar to presumptively identify ESCrE, CRE and MRSA isolates.