Intrasubject and intersubject variability of stabilography parameters in normal conditions and simulated space mission isolation.

The state of isolation and confinement causes several symptoms as a psycho-physiological stressor. The crew's health and condition may play a crucial role in prolonged space sojourns success. However, it's important to distinguish the role of microgravity from the distress aspect to better understand human physiology in training during space missions.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Polish sonographers-A questionnaire study.

Purpose: The ultrasound specialists face a substantial issue with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), characterized by occupation-related pain, reaching an estimated frequency of up to 90.5%. The type and location of pain vary depending on the sonographers specialty and the specific anatomical areas being examined.

Ground reaction force as a factor responsible for the topography of injuries in professional dance. An analysis of three dance styles: classical dance, modern dance, and folk dance.

Objective: The study aimed to identify the effects of ground reaction forces (GRF) recorded during landing in typical elements of three dance styles, including classical, modern, and folk dance, on injuries` topography.

Methods: The research involved a survey and measurements of GRF generated during landing after the jump. The survey involved a group of 90 professional dancers.

Effect of strengthening and weakening of abdominal and dorsal muscles on lumbar spine loads in parents of disabled children.

Pain in the lower part of the back is one of the most common chronic illnesses globally. This work aimed to determine the impact of the reinforcement of particular groups of abdominal and dorsal muscles on the loads exerted on the lumbar section of the spine in 30 mothers of children with motor disabilities. An optical Ariel Performance Analysis System recorded and processed the kinematics data of everyday activities.

Exploring the impact of body mass change on fatigue and activity of the muscular system during daily routine.

Background: Correct body weight is one of the factors that allows you to maintain a properly functioning body. Abnormal body weight can cause muscle tissue remodelling, affecting activity and muscle fatigue. Changes in the muscular system can cause occurrence of functional limitations.

Thoracic surgery may alter body static balance via diaphragm dysfunction.

Many diseases and conditions can alter an ability to maintain body balance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether thoracic surgery may elicit diaphragm dysfunction thereby impairing postural stability. 40 patients qualified to video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) lobectomy or lobectomy via thoracotomy due to pulmonary carcinoma were examined two times: a day before lung resection and 3-5 days after surgical procedure.

Temporal and spatial variability of the fidgety movement descriptors and their relation to head position in automized general movement assessment.

Purpose: In clinical practice, motor development in infants is assessed subjectively. Many researchers propose objective methods, which have numerous limitations, by attaching markers or sensors to the child's limbs. The purpose of this study is to attempt to develop objectified numerical indices to describe the limb movements of infants without interfering with spontaneous activity.

How to teach safe landing after the jump? The use of biofeedback to minimize the shock forces generated in elements of modern dance.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the possible use of biofeedback (information on the course and values of ground reaction forces (GRF) during landing following the performance of a dance evolution) for training minimising impact loads after a jump in modern dance.

Methods: The tests involved the analysis of a total of 60 expressive elements of modern dance performed by 5 soloists. The tests involved the recording of the vertical component of GRF (GRFz) vector using Kistler platform in the landing phase following the performance of modern dance jumps.

The influence of isometric rotation of the lower limb on the functioning of the knee joint stabilizers and rotator muscles.

Purpose: This paper presents an assessment of the influence of isometric rotation of the lower limb in a standing position on the functioning of the muscles stabilizing the knee joint in the frontal plane with the use of modeling the loads on the musculoskeletal system.

Methods: The research was carried out in the AnyBody Modeling System software, performing multi-variant simulations of the musculoskeletal system during isometric rotation of the lower limbs. The simulations were carried out using as input data the values of rotating moments and the ground reaction forces acting on foot segments, which were measured using the proprietary Rotenso device and the position of the body segments.

Biomechanical Effects of Flamenco Footwork.

Footwork is one of the basic features of flamenco dancing and is performed in traditional high-heeled shoes. The purpose of this study was to analyse the mechanical profile of flamenco dancing in terms of vertical ground reaction force, and knee joint kinematics of the supporting limb in footwork technique in order to understand causes which predispose injuries derived from the practice of flamenco dancing. The participant in our study was a professional female flamenco dancer (34 years, 58 kg, 1.

Effectiveness of the power and speed dry-land training in female swimmers aged 15-16.

Purpose: This work aimed to define the impact of the introduction of power and speed dry-land training in female swimmers aged 15-16 on the rise of time results at a distance of 200 m and on the increase of the strength level of the muscle groups in the elbow joint.

Method: The investigations were conducted on a group of 28 junior female swimmers: group 1 (aged 13-14) with speed and endurance training based on "water" exercises; group 2 (aged 15-16) with extra power and speed dry-land training. The following parameters were analyzed: time results, the moments of muscle forces in the elbow joint at the extension and flexion movements in isokinetic conditions and the ratio of the values of moments of muscle forces of flexors in relation to extensors.

A sitting or standing position - which one exerts more loads on the musculoskeletal system of the lumbar spine? Comparative tests based on the methods of mathematical modelling.

Purpose: The work aimed to assess the functioning of the musculoskeletal system within the lumbar spine in relation to everyday postures of sitting and standing.

Methods: The comparative analysis was based both on experimental tests and computer simulations performed in the AnyBody Modeling System environment. Input data used to prepare models were based on the information obtained in experimental tests.

In Pursuit of the Perfect Dancer's Ballet Foot. The Footprint, Stabilometric, Pedobarographic Parameters of Professional Ballet Dancers.

This work aims to assess footprint parameters in a group of professional ballet dancers and to determine the correlation between the aforementioned parameters and lateralization, stabilometric parameters, pedobarographic parameters and work environment conditions. A group subjected to tests consisted of 44 elite professional ballet dancers and the reference group was composed of 44 students. The test of balance and thrust under feet involved 30 s-long free standing with open eyes on a podographic platform.

Biomechanical Description of Zapateado Technique in Flamenco.

The main purpose of this study was to identify a dancer's body alignment while performing flamenco footwork to provide a detailed description that could be used by flamenco practitioners: teachers, instructors and students of different levels of advancement. The zapateado technique performed by a professional flamenco dancer was analyzed. The biomechanical analysis was based on 30 cycles composed of six repeating sequences of strikes.

The Use of Frequency Analysis as a Complementary and Explanatory Element for Time Domain Analysis in Measurements of the Ability to Maintain Balance.

Assessment of human balance is one of the most common diagnostic tests, both in medical applications and during sports training. Many new methods of measuring are introduced in these studies; however, the analysis of results is still carried out mainly based on the values determined in the time domain - the average COP speed or the ellipse field of the prediction. The aim of the current work is to present the possibilities for the practical application of frequency analyses in assessment of the ability to maintain body balance as a method supplementing standard analyses.

Effect of Short-Term Metro-Rhythmic Stimulations on Gait Variability.

The aim of the study was to define the effect of different short-term metro-rhythmic stimulations on the time and spatial parameters of gait. The secondary goal was to test whether prior instructions on how to respond to stimulations played a significant role in the stimulation by sound stimuli. Experimental tests of gait were conducted on a group of 36 healthy participants: group 1-subjects who were not informed how to react after hearing sound stimuli, group 2-subjects who received a clear instruction before the test to adjust the frequency of taking steps to the rhythm of the music.

The effect of the pelvis position in the sagittal plane on loads in the human musculoskeletal system.

Purpose: The research work aimed to perform the mathematical modelling-based assessment concerning the effect of the position of the pelvis in the sagittal plane on loads present in the musculoskeletal system in the standing position.

Methods: The analysis of the effect of various positions of the pelvis was performed using the Free Posture Model in the AnyBody Modeling System software. Simulated positions involving various values of pelvis inclination ranged from the extreme pelvic retroposition (-7°) through normative values (0-23°) to the extreme pelvic anteversion (33°).

Classic and indicative methods in the analysis of the foot arch and foot loads in professional folklore dancers on the basis of stabilographic tests.

Purpose: The proper shape of the foot determines its proper functioning and efficiency, which is significant as far as dancers are concerned. The aim of the study was to identify the arch of feet based on the Arch Index (AI), ability to maintain balance on the basis of stabilometric parameters and the distribution of loads acting on the feet of professional folk dancers.

Methods: The study group was composed of 37 folk dancers and the reference group consisted of 56 healthy adults aged 19-45.

Evaluation of the effect of muscle forces implementation on the behavior of a dummy during a head-on collision.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a method to implement muscle forces to a numerical model of a dummy and to evaluate the effect of muscle activation on driver behavior during a frontal collision. The authors focused on the forces acting at the knee, hip, and elbow joints.

Methods: The authors carried out torque measurements in joints using the Biodex System 4.

A numerical study to determine the effect of strengthening and weakening of the transversus abdominis muscle on lumbar spine loads.

This work aimed to determine the influence of strengthening or weakening of the transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle on loads in the lumbar spine using musculoskeletal modelling methods. The input kinematic data of two positions (a standing position and a position during a sitting-down task) were angles in the elbow joint (0°;4°), shoulder joint (0°;3°), hip joint (0°;75°) and knee joint (0°;69°) as well as the torso tilt angle (0°;32°). It was shown that a change in the TrA physiological cross section area (PCSA) has a crucial impact on lumbar spine loads (2xTrA PCSA causes a reduction in the force in joint L5-S1 by 11% for a standing position and by 25% for a sitting-down position) and value of intra-abdominal pressure.

Assessment of gait stability and preferred walking speed in virtual reality.

Purpose: Analysis of human gait as well as diagnosis of human locomotion organ should always be conducted with velocity of gait equal to Preferred Walking Speed (PWS). The literature review shows that the PWS value is not the same in real and virtual environment. The aim of this study was to determine PWS values in both environments and to specify values of parameters used in equations enabling PWS calculations on the basis of lower limb length.

Is it possible to reduce loads of the locomotor system during the landing phase of dance figures? Biomechanical analysis of the landing phase in Grand Jeté, Entrelacé and Ballonné.

Purpose: The objective of the work was to determine biomechanical parameters influencing loads affecting the musculoskeletal system and shock absorption during the landing phase in Grand Jeté, Entrelacé and Ballonné.

Methods: Motion kinematics measurements of the landing phase in GrandJeté, Entrelacé and Ballonné were carried out using the optical APAS system, and measurements of the GRF components - using Kistler platform. The research was carried out for three professional dancers.

Gait Kinematics Index, Global Symmetry Index and Gait Deviations Profile: Concept of a new comprehensive method of gait pathology evaluation.

Purpose: The objective of the work was to define a new comprehensive method of evaluating gait pathology (Gait Kinematics Index, Global Symmetry Index and Gait Deviations Profile).

Methods: The article presents in detail a mathematical algorithm of a new comprehensive method of evaluating gait pathology. Input data for the algorithm are the kinematic parameters of gait.

Physiological Gait versus Gait in VR on Multidirectional Treadmill-Comparative Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly often finding applications in physiotherapy and health promotion. Recent years have seen the use of advanced technologies in the promotion of physical activity (PA) in society. New simulators, e.

Quality of body posture and postural stability in people with intellectual disability playing volleyball.

Purpose: The quality of body posture and its balance depends on the efficiency of the receptors, the good work of the central nervous system integrating and coordinating the postural system and the effective musculoskeletal system. Physical activity of people with intellectual disability can stimulate the processes of improving the posture and its postural stability, improving the quality of life.

Methods: The study was conducted in 2017.