Feeling like the enemy: the emotion management and alienation of hospital doctors.

Introduction: Globally, an epidemic of psychological distress, burnout, and workforce attrition signify an acute deterioration in hospital doctors' relationship with their work-intensified by COVID-19. This deterioration is more complicated than individual responses to workplace stress, as it is heavily regulated by social, professional, and organizational structures. Moving past burnout as a discrete "outcome," we draw on theories of emotion management and alienation to analyze the strategies through which hospital doctors in the face of resource-constraints and psychological strain.

COVID-19 and healthcare worker mental well-being: Comparative case studies on interventions in six countries.

Healthcare worker (HCW) mental well-being has become a global public health priority as health systems seek to strengthen their resilience in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysing data from the Health System Response Monitor, we present six case studies (Denmark, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Romania, and the United Kingdom) as a comparative review of policy interventions supporting HCW mental health during the pandemic. The results illustrate a wide range of interventions.

The impact of COVID-19 on mental health and well-being in critical care nurses - a longitudinal, qualitative study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had both a psychological and physiological effect on the human race. For those working in health care, particularly in critical care, the pandemic has put unprecedented strain on staff. Witnessing suffering during crisis in an organizational setting can be a traumatic experience and critical care nurses often risked, not only their own lives, but their psychological well-being, so that those infected with the virus might have a better chance at survival.

An exploratory study of the effects of strenuous exercise on markers of coagulation activation, circulating microparticles, and inflammation in sickle cell trait.

This exploratory study evaluated the effect of intense exercise on biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation activation in subjects with and without sickle cell trait (SCT). Fifteen healthy African American men (18-35 years, 5 SCT, 10 control) completed a strenuous exercise protocol. Microparticle-associated prothrombinase and tissue factor activities, as well as soluble VCAM, total white cell and monocyte count increased transiently in all subjects following exercise.

Accuracy of Right Upper Quadrant Ultrasound in Estimating Gallbladder Wall Thickness.

Objective: Ultrasound (US) evaluation of biliary pathology can be influenced by a variety of factors. This study examines the effect of patient specific factors on the accuracy of sonographic evaluation of gallbladder wall thickness (GBW).

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent cholecystectomy at a single institution from November 2012 to October 2015.

Benefits for African American and white low-income 7-10-year-old children and their parents taught together in a community-based weight management program in the rural southeastern United States.

Background: Low-income children and parents are at increased risk for developing overweight and obesity. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory study was to compare whether African American and white children and parents benefitted equally from a community-based weight management intervention delivered in two rural counties in southeastern North Carolina (N.C.

Calibration of activity-related energy expenditure in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Objectives: Usual physical activity (PA) is a complex exposure and typical instruments to measure aspects of PA are subject to measurement error, from systematic biases and biological variability. This error can lead to biased estimates of associations between PA and health outcomes. We developed a calibrated physical activity measure that adjusts for measurement error in both self-reported and accelerometry measures of PA in adults from the US Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a community-based cohort study.

Utility of the Youth Compendium of Physical Activities.

Purpose: The purposes of this article are to: (a) describe the rationale and development of the Youth Compendium of Physical Activities (Youth Compendium); and (b) discuss the utility of the Youth Compendium for audiences in research, education, community, health care, public health, and the private sector.

Methods: The Youth Compendium provides a list of 196 physical activities (PA) categorized by activity types, specific activities, and metabolic costs (youth metabolic equivalents of task [MET]) as measured by indirect calorimetry. The utility of the Youth Compendium was assessed by describing ways in which it can be used by a variety of audiences.

Ventilatory Responses During Submaximal Exercise in Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome.

Purpose: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic neurobehavioral disorder presenting hypothalamic dysfunction and adiposity. At rest, PWS exhibits hypoventilation with hypercapnia. We characterized ventilatory responses in children with PWS during exercise.

Correction to: A cluster randomized controlled trial for child and parent weight management: children and parents randomized to the intervention group have correlated changes in adiposity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0175-z.].

A cluster randomized controlled trial for child and parent weight management: children and parents randomized to the intervention group have correlated changes in adiposity.

Background: Studies have suggested that obesity is linked within families and that successful interventions involve both the parent and child with obesity. However little information exists regarding similarities in adiposity and weight loss between the parent and child, especially in low socio-economic ethnically diverse households.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the changes from baseline over time in adiposity, weight, health behaviors, and self-efficacy in children ( = 184) and parents ( = 184) participating in an 18-month weight loss program.

A Youth Compendium of Physical Activities: Activity Codes and Metabolic Intensities.

Purpose: A Youth Compendium of Physical Activities (Youth Compendium) was developed to estimate the energy costs of physical activities using data on youth only.

Methods: On the basis of a literature search and pooled data of energy expenditure measurements in youth, the energy costs of 196 activities were compiled in 16 activity categories to form a Youth Compendium of Physical Activities. To estimate the intensity of each activity, measured oxygen consumption (V˙O2) was divided by basal metabolic rate (Schofield age-, sex-, and mass-specific equations) to produce a youth MET (METy).

Energy Cost Expression for a Youth Compendium of Physical Activities: Rationale for Using Age Groups.

Purpose: This study compared the accuracy of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) prediction using 2 methods of accounting for age dependency versus 1 standard (single) value across all ages.

Methods: PAEE estimates were derived by pooling data from 5 studies. Participants, 6-18 years (n = 929), engaged in 14 activities while in a room calorimeter or wearing a portable metabolic analyzer.

Pediatric Exercise Testing: Value and Implications of Peak Oxygen Uptake.

Peak oxygen uptake (peak V ˙ O 2 ) measured by clinical exercise testing is the benchmark for aerobic fitness. Aerobic fitness, estimated from maximal treadmill exercise, is a predictor of mortality in adults. Peak V ˙ O 2 was shown to predict longevity in patients aged 7-35 years with cystic fibrosis over 25 years ago.

The influence of physical characteristics on the resting energy expenditure of youth: A meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine the literature on resting energy expenditure (REE) of youth and determine the influence of age, sex, BMI, and body composition on REE.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, BIOSIS Previews, NTIS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Pascal databases for studies with data on resting metabolic rate, REE, resting oxygen uptake (or VO ) in healthy children, youth, or adolescents (age = 1-18 years). Over 200 publications were identified; sixty-one publications met criteria and were included in the meta-analyses, resulting in 142 study population estimates (totaling 5,397 youth) of REE.

An unusual presentation of a rare disease: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following abdominal sepsis.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an unusual disease of unknown incidence and cause. There are a wide range of associated, predisposing medical causes to include pregnancy, renal failure, immunosuppressive medication administration and hypertension. The diagnosis is made following the radiographic identification of characteristic vasogenic edema in the setting of neurologic impairment.

Primary aortoduodenal fistula: a rare entity with lethal effects.

Primary aortoduodenal fistula (ADF) is a rare but morbid diagnosis. Here, we present the case of a patient with a primary ADF that resulted in mortality. Despite multiple attempts at radiographic and endoscopic diagnosis, the fistula did not declare itself until the patient exsanguinated.

Comparison of Energy Expenditure of Youth Playing Tennis During Practice and Match Settings.

Background: Researchers have investigated the energy expenditure of tennis practice and match play in adults but not youth.

Methods: VO2 was recorded for 36 youth, ages 9 to 18, during 10-minute bouts of tennis practice and match play. A GLM was used to compare VO2 between practice and match play and among age groups (9-12 years, 13-15 years, and 16-18 years); also to compare the difference in adult and child-derived MET values (ΔMET).

Relationships of physical activity and sedentary time in obese parent-child dyads: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Research suggests physical activity is linked to obesity. Further, the physical activity of healthy parents and their children is associated with each other. However, this relationship has not been examined in obese parents and their obese children.

Accelerometer-measured sedentary time among Hispanic adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with negative health outcomes independent of physical activity. Objective estimates of time spent in sedentary behaviors are lacking among adults from diverse Hispanic/Latino backgrounds. The objective of this study was to describe accelerometer-assessed sedentary time in a large, representative sample of Hispanic/Latino adults living in the United States, and compare sedentary estimates by Hispanic/Latino background, sociodemographic characteristics and weight categories.

Exploring Metrics to Express Energy Expenditure of Physical Activity in Youth.

Background: Several approaches have been used to express energy expenditure in youth, but no consensus exists as to which best normalizes data for the wide range of ages and body sizes across a range of physical activities. This study examined several common metrics for expressing energy expenditure to determine whether one metric can be used for all healthy children. Such a metric could improve our ability to further advance the Compendium of Physical Activities for Youth.

A new approach to define and diagnose cardiometabolic disorder in children.

The aim of the study was to test the performance of a new definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which better describes metabolic dysfunction in children. Methods. 15,794 youths aged 6-18 years participated.

Impact of Acute Intermittent Exercise on Natural Killer Cells in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Background: Current research examining the effect of exercise on immune responses in cancer survivors is limited.

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effect of 1 bout of intermittent exercise on natural killer (NK) cell numbers in breast cancer survivors.

Methods: A total of 9 women with stage I to III invasive breast cancer who were 3 to 6 months posttreatment and 9 sedentary women without a history of cancer completed 10 three-minute intervals of aerobic exercise on the cycle ergometer at 60% of VO2peak (peak oxygen uptake).

Cardiometabolic risk assessments by body mass index z-score or waist-to-height ratio in a multiethnic sample of sixth-graders.

Convention defines pediatric adiposity by the body mass index z-score (BMIz) referenced to normative growth charts. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) does not depend on sex-and-age references. In the HEALTHY Study enrollment sample, we compared BMIz with WHtR for ability to identify adverse cardiometabolic risk.

The clinical translation gap in child health exercise research: a call for disruptive innovation.

In children, levels of play, physical activity, and fitness are key indicators of health and disease and closely tied to optimal growth and development. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides clinicians with biomarkers of disease and effectiveness of therapy, and researchers with novel insights into fundamental biological mechanisms reflecting an integrated physiological response that is hidden when the child is at rest. Yet the growth of clinical trials utilizing CPET in pediatrics remains stunted despite the current emphasis on preventative medicine and the growing recognition that therapies used in children should be clinically tested in children.