Consumer involvement in the development and dissemination of chronic kidney disease guidelines: a summary of a meaningful and sustainable approach developed by Caring for Australians and New ZealandeRs with kidney Impairment guidelines.

Objectives: The involvement of consumers (people with lived experience of disease) in guidelines is widely advocated to improve their relevance and uptake. However, the approaches to consumer involvement in guidelines vary and are not well documented. We describe the consumer involvement framework of Caring for Australians and New ZealandeRs with kidney Impairment Guidelines.

Multicentre registry analysis of incremental peritoneal dialysis incidence and associations with patient outcomes.

Background: Incremental peritoneal dialysis (PD) is increasingly advocated to reduce treatment burden and costs, with potential to better preserve residual kidney function. Global prevalence of incremental PD use is unknown and use in Australia and New Zealand has not been reported.

Methods: Binational registry analysis including incident adult PD patients in Australia and New Zealand (2007-2017), examining incidence of and outcomes associated with incremental PD (first recorded PD exchange volume <42 L/week (incremental) vs.

Impact of haemodialysis hours on outcomes in older patients.

Aim: Previous studies report an association between longer haemodialysis treatment sessions and improved survival. Worldwide, there is a trend to increasing age among prevalent patients receiving haemodialysis. This analysis aimed to determine whether the mortality benefit of longer haemodialysis treatment sessions diminishes with increasing age.

Dietary Sodium Modifies Serum Uric Acid Concentrations in Humans.

Background: Subjects with hypertension are frequently obese or insulin resistant, both conditions in which hyperuricemia is common. Obese and insulin-resistant subjects are also known to have blood pressure that is more sensitive to changes in dietary sodium intake. Whether hyperuricemia is a resulting consequence, moderating or contributing factor to the development of hypertension has not been fully evaluated and very few studies have reported interactions between sodium intake and serum uric acid.

Endothelial glycocalyx in health and kidney disease: Rising star or false Dawn?

The endothelial glycocalyx is a layer comprised of proteins and carbohydrates on the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells, thought to have an important role in the health and function of the endothelium. Disrupted by various pathophysiological conditions and linked with clinical outcomes, it is increasingly recognized as an early indicator of endothelial injury and a potential marker of vascular injury. In this review, we discuss current methods of assessment (including novel optical approaches), evidence for its use as a marker of vascular disease and its potential role in relation to microalbuminuria and glomerular endothelial dysfunction.

Effects of intravenous iron on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in haemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Intravenous iron affects serum levels of intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (iFGF23) and its cleavage product c-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23) in iron-deficient people with normal renal function. We hypothesized that intravenous iron modulates iFGF23 and cFGF23 in haemodialysis patients differently according to the type of iron used.

Methods: Prevalent, stable haemodialysis patients requiring protocol-based intravenous iron therapy were randomized to a single 200 mg dose of either ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or iron sucrose (IS).

Dietary sodium loading in normotensive healthy volunteers does not increase arterial vascular reactivity or blood pressure.

Background: Studies of dietary sodium on vascular function and blood pressure in normotensive volunteers have shown conflicting results. There are very limited data available on the effect of chronic sodium loading from a low-sodium diet to a high-sodium diet on vascular function and blood pressure in normotensive volunteers.

Objective: To assess the effect of modifying dietary sodium intake on arterial function and surrogate markers of arterial remodelling in normal healthy volunteers.

Dietary salt loading impairs arterial vascular reactivity.

Background: Studies of sodium have shown improvements in vascular function and blood pressure (BP). The effect of chronic sodium loading from a low-sodium diet to a Western diet on vascular function and BP has been less well studied.

Objective: The objective was to examine the effects of dietary salt intake on vascular function and BP.

Sustained low-efficiency dialysis with filtration (SLEDD-f) in the management of acute sodium valproate intoxication.

Hemodialysis is only infrequently used in drug overdosage situations. The efficacy of hemodialysis to remove the drug depends upon the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. At normal therapeutic concentrations, valproic acid is predominantly protein bound and therefore removal by hemodialysis is limited.

Multicentric carpal-tarsal osteolysis with nephropathy treated successfully with cyclosporine A: a case report and literature review.

Multicentric carpal-tarsal osteolysis is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by osteolysis of the metacarpal, carpal, and tarsal bones and leading to crippling joint deformities. Progressive nephropathy occurs in more than half the cases. All previously reported series with renal biopsies showed only end-stage renal disease on histological examination because of the late presentation to nephrologists.

Relapsing culture-negative peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients exposed to icodextrin solution.

Background: Icodextrin is a new peritoneal dialysis fluid, with maltose polymers providing the osmotic drive, that may extend time on peritoneal dialysis in situations in which use of conventional glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluid (Dianeal) has led to loss of ultrafiltration. Although cutaneous reactions have been reported, we report a new phenomenon of aseptic peritonitis that has arisen in our unit associated with icodextrin use.

Methods: Icodextrin was first introduced in our unit in 1997 and was used extensively beginning in late 1999.

A randomized controlled trial of topical exit site mupirocin application in patients with tunnelled, cuffed haemodialysis catheters.

Background: Central venous catheters are frequently needed for the provision of haemodialysis, but their clinical usefulness is severely limited by infectious complications. The risk of such infections can be reduced by topical application of mupirocin to the exit sites of non-cuffed catheters or by the use of tunnelled, cuffed catheters. Whether mupirocin offers any additional protection against infection in patients with tunnelled, cuffed haemodialysis catheters has not been studied.