Immunohistochemical assessment of intrinsic and extrinsic markers of hypoxia in reproductive tissue: differential expression of HIF1α and HIF2α in rat oviduct and endometrium.

Hypoxia is thought to be critical in regulating physiological processes within the female reproductive system, including ovulation, composition of the fluid in the oviductal/uterine lumens and ovarian follicle development. This study examined the localisation of exogenous (pimonidazole) and endogenous [hypoxia inducible factor 1α and 2α (HIF1α, -2α), glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX)] hypoxia-related antigens within the oviduct and uterus of the rat reproductive tract. The extent to which each endogenous antigen co-compartmentalised with pimonidazole was also assessed.

Popliteal A-V Fistula with Pseudo-aneurysm: A Complication Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Arthroscopy and total knee replacement (TKR) are the two orthopedic procedures in which instruments are routinely placed near the posterior capsule of the knee. A review of the literature demonstrated that the four commonest reported problems following TKR are thrombosis, arterial transection, A-V fistula, and aneurysm formation. Reports on popliteal artery injury with severe patient morbidity following arthroscopy and TKR have been described in the literature.