PROSPECT: 4- and 6-year follow-up of a randomised trial of surgery for vaginal prolapse.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Our aim was to compare the mid-term results of native tissue, biological xenograft and polypropylene mesh surgery for women with vaginal wall prolapse.

Methods: A total of 1348 women undergoing primary transvaginal repair of an anterior and/or posterior prolapse were recruited between January 2010 and August 2013 from 35 UK centres. They were randomised by remote allocation to native tissue surgery, biological xenograft or polypropylene mesh.

Evaluation of midwifery pelvic floor education and Training across the UK and Spain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate current education and training of student and registered midwives across the UK and Spain; analysing both pelvic floor teaching and practical experience.

Study Design: A cross-sectional survey was carried out by 711 student and 384 registered midwives across different universities and regions in the UK and Spain.

Results: The vast majority (91.

Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients in New York City.

Background: The coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic is a global public health crisis, with over 1.6 million cases and 95,000 deaths worldwide. Data are needed regarding the clinical course of hospitalized patients, particularly in the United States.

MEWS++: Enhancing the Prediction of Clinical Deterioration in Admitted Patients through a Machine Learning Model.

Early detection of patients at risk for clinical deterioration is crucial for timely intervention. Traditional detection systems rely on a limited set of variables and are unable to predict the time of decline. We describe a machine learning model called MEWS++ that enables the identification of patients at risk of escalation of care or death six hours prior to the event.

Do Programs for Runaway and Homeless Youth Work? A Qualitative Exploration From the Perspectives of Youth Clients in Diverse Settings.

Runaway and homeless youth (RHY) comprise a large population of young people who reside outside the control and protection of parents and guardians and who experience numerous traumas and risk factors, but few buffering resources. Specialized settings have developed to serve RHY, but little is known about their effects. The present cross-sectional qualitative descriptive study, grounded in the positive youth development approach and the Youth Program Quality Assessment model, addressed this gap in the literature.

An investigation of an open-access model for scaling up methadone maintenance treatment.

Aims: To examine retrospectively patient and programmatic outcomes following the development and implementation of an 'open-access' model in which prospective patients were enrolled rapidly in methadone maintenance treatment, irrespective of ability to pay, and provided real-time access to multiple voluntary treatment options.

Design: Medical and administrative records were abstracted to compare data for 1 year before and 9 years after initiating the implementation of an open-access treatment model in May 2007.

Setting: Methadone maintenance treatment center in Connecticut, USA.

The Macronuclear Genome of Stentor coeruleus Reveals Tiny Introns in a Giant Cell.

The giant, single-celled organism Stentor coeruleus has a long history as a model system for studying pattern formation and regeneration in single cells. Stentor [1, 2] is a heterotrichous ciliate distantly related to familiar ciliate models, such as Tetrahymena or Paramecium. The primary distinguishing feature of Stentor is its incredible size: a single cell is 1 mm long.

A Tissue-Mapped Axolotl De Novo Transcriptome Enables Identification of Limb Regeneration Factors.

Mammals have extremely limited regenerative capabilities; however, axolotls are profoundly regenerative and can replace entire limbs. The mechanisms underlying limb regeneration remain poorly understood, partly because the enormous and incompletely sequenced genomes of axolotls have hindered the study of genes facilitating regeneration. We assembled and annotated a de novo transcriptome using RNA-sequencing profiles for a broad spectrum of tissues that is estimated to have near-complete sequence information for 88% of axolotl genes.

Mesh, graft, or standard repair for women having primary transvaginal anterior or posterior compartment prolapse surgery: two parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled trials (PROSPECT).

Background: The use of transvaginal mesh and biological graft material in prolapse surgery is controversial and has led to a number of enquiries into their safety and efficacy. Existing trials of these augmentations are individually too small to be conclusive. We aimed to compare the outcomes of prolapse repair involving either synthetic mesh inlays or biological grafts against standard repair in women.

Should maximal urethral closure pressure be performed before midurethral sling surgery for stress incontinence? A time to revisit.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) provides an objective assessment of urethral integrity, but its role in predicting outcome after midurethral sling (MUS) placement is debatable and current practice in the UK is variable. The study was carried out to determine if lower preoperative MUCP is associated with poor outcome following MUS.

Method: The study was a retrospective review of the British Society of Urogynaecology (BSUG) database and urodynamics (UDS) data.

On the Relationship of Protein and mRNA Dynamics in Vertebrate Embryonic Development.

A biochemical explanation of development from the fertilized egg to the adult requires an understanding of the proteins and RNAs expressed over time during embryogenesis. We present a comprehensive characterization of protein and mRNA dynamics across early development in Xenopus. Surprisingly, we find that most protein levels change little and duplicated genes are expressed similarly.

Perineal support and risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a Delphi survey.

Objective: To explore the views of a multidisciplinary group of experts and achieve consensus on the importance of perineal support in preventing obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS).

Design: A three-generational Delphi survey.

Setting: A UK-wide survey of experts.

The Fox/Forkhead transcription factor family of the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii.

Background: The Fox gene family is a large family of transcription factors that arose early in organismal evolution dating back to at least the common ancestor of metazoans and fungi. They are key components of many gene regulatory networks essential for embryonic development. Although much is known about the role of Fox genes during vertebrate development, comprehensive comparative studies outside vertebrates are sparse.

Deep proteomics of the Xenopus laevis egg using an mRNA-derived reference database.

Background: Mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables the global identification and quantification of proteins and their posttranslational modifications in complex biological samples. However, proteomic analysis requires a complete and accurate reference set of proteins and is therefore largely restricted to model organisms with sequenced genomes.

Results: Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of deep genome-free proteomics by using a reference proteome derived from heterogeneous mRNA data.

Thymine DNA glycosylase is a CRL4Cdt2 substrate.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4(Cdt2) targets proteins for destruction in S phase and after DNA damage by coupling ubiquitylation to DNA-bound proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Coupling to PCNA involves a PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) degron motif in the substrate that recruits CRL4(Cdt2) while binding to PCNA. In vertebrates, CRL4(Cdt2) promotes degradation of proteins whose presence in S phase is deleterious, including Cdt1, Set8, and p21.

Cephalopod genomics: A plan of strategies and organization.

The Cephalopod Sequencing Consortium (CephSeq Consortium) was established at a NESCent Catalysis Group Meeting, "Paths to Cephalopod Genomics- Strategies, Choices, Organization," held in Durham, North Carolina, USA on May 24-27, 2012. Twenty-eight participants representing nine countries (Austria, Australia, China, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Spain and the USA) met to address the pressing need for genome sequencing of cephalopod mollusks. This group, drawn from cephalopod biologists, neuroscientists, developmental and evolutionary biologists, materials scientists, bioinformaticians and researchers active in sequencing, assembling and annotating genomes, agreed on a set of cephalopod species of particular importance for initial sequencing and developed strategies and an organization (CephSeq Consortium) to promote this sequencing.

An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint terminology and classification of the complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery.

Introduction And Hypothesis: A terminology and standardized classification has yet to be developed for those complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery.

Methods: This report on the terminology and classification combines the input of members of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS) and a Joint IUGA/ICS Working Group on Complications Terminology, assisted at intervals by many external referees. A process of rounds of internal and external review took place with decision making by collective opinion (consensus).

International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint terminology and classification of the complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery.

Introduction And Hypothesis: A terminology and standardized classification has yet to be developed for those complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery.

Methods: This report on the terminology and classification combines the input of members of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS) and a Joint IUGA/ICS Working Group on Complications Terminology, assisted at intervals by many external referees. A process of rounds of internal and external review took place with decision-making by collective opinion (consensus).

Hands on or hands off the perineum: a survey of care of the perineum in labour (HOOPS).

Introduction And Hypothesis: There seems to be a temporal association between increasing use of "hands off" the perineum in labour and reduced use of episiotomy with an increasing rate of anal sphincter injuries. We aimed to determine how common the practice of "hands off" the perineum is.

Methods: An observational postal questionnaire study of 1,000 midwives in England in which the main objective was to obtain an estimate of the number of midwives practising either "hands on" or "hands off" was conducted.