Considerations regarding the selection, sampling, extraction, analysis, and modelling of biomarkers in exhaled breath for early lung cancer screening.

Lung cancer (LC) is the deadliest cancer due to the lack of efficient screening methods that detect the disease early. This review, covering the years 2011 - 2025, summarizes state-of-the-art LC screening through analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. All fundamental parts of the methodology are covered, i.

Hierarchical Structural Changes During Redox Cycling of Fe-Based Lamellar Foams Containing YSZ, CeO, or ZrO.

Several high-temperature energy conversion and storage technologies rely on redox cycling of Fe-based materials, including storage materials in solid-oxide Fe-air batteries and oxygen carriers in chemical-looping combustion. The materials' macroporosity necessary for gas flow is, however, irreversibly diminished during redox cycling due to (i) large volume changes during the redox transformations, (ii) foam sintering at elevated operating temperature (550-900 °C), and (iii) formation and growth of Kirkendall microporosity. To address these challenges, we use directional freeze-casting to create highly porous, lamellar, Fe-composite foams containing uniformly distributed sintering inhibitor (SI) particles-either YO-stabilized ZrO (YSZ), CeO, or ZrO-at 0, 5, 10, or 15% of the solid volume.