Cells use molecular working memory to navigate in changing chemoattractant fields.

In order to migrate over large distances, cells within tissues and organisms rely on sensing local gradient cues which are irregular, conflicting, and changing over time and space. The mechanism how they generate persistent directional migration when signals are disrupted, while still remaining adaptive to signal's localization changes remain unknown. Here, we find that single cells utilize a molecular mechanism akin to a working memory to satisfy these two opposing demands.

Immunohistochemical Validation of Rare Tissues and Antigens With Low Frequency of Occurrence: Recommendations From The Anatomic Pathology Patient Interest Association (APPIA).

Laboratories worldwide find it challenging to identify enough tissues and cases for verification and validation studies of low-incidence, rare antigens. These antigens have a low frequency of occurrence in the population, or have little or no expression in normal tissues. Validation studies are essential to assure testing standardization before introducing a new instrument, product, or test into the clinical laboratory.

Impact of system-level changes and training on alcohol screening and brief intervention in a family medicine residency clinic: a pilot study.

Background: Although screening and brief intervention (SBI) are effective in reducing unhealthy alcohol use, major challenges exist in implementing clinician-delivered SBI in primary care settings. This 2006-2007 pilot study describes the impact of systems changes and booster trainings designed to increase SBI rates in a family medicine residency clinic which annually screened adults with a self-administered AUDIT-C questionnaire and used paper prompts to encourage physician interventions for patients with positive screens.

Methods: Investigators added the Single Alcohol Screening Question (SASQ) to nursing vital signs forms, added a checkbox for documenting brief interventions to the clinicians' outpatient encounter form, and conducted one-hour nurse and clinician booster trainings.

The College of American Pathologists and National Society for Histotechnology workload study.

Limited data exist in regard to productivity and staffing in the anatomic pathology laboratory. In 2004, the National Society for Histotechnology (NSH) conducted a pilot study to examine productivity and staffing in the histology laboratory. After review of the data, The College of American Pathologists (CAP)/NSH Histotechnology Committee concluded that a larger survey was required to further address and expand on the pilot study findings.

Medication adherence among acne patients: a review.

Background: Acne is a chronic disease often requiring the use of medications for extended periods of time. In general, adherence decreases over time in patients with chronic diseases, and adherence to topical medications is poor compared to adherence to oral medications, placing individuals using topical medications at increased risk for nonadherence and treatment failure. Poor adherence may also be a common cause of treatment failure in teens with acne.

Immunohistochemical study of the phrenic ganglion.

Peripheral nerve 'pseudoganglia' are described in the literature with little focus on histology. The phrenic ganglia, which are located on the inferior surface of the diaphragm and are associated with the phrenic nerves, have been described by some authors as potentially sympathetic ganglia although this, to the authors' knowledge, has not been proven. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate further the true autonomic nature of this collection of nerve cell bodies.

The existence of hypoglossal root ganglion cells in adult humans: potential clinical implications.

Introduction: Ganglion cells of the hypoglossal nerve (HN) have been confirmed in certain animals but have been thought not to be present in man. To investigate for the presence of these structures in adult humans and if present, to verify their functionality, the present study was performed.

Materials And Methods: We harvested adult cadaveric HN and observed for ganglion cells.

Histopathological basis for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Laboratory investigation.

Object: To the best of the authors' knowledge, no report exists that has demonstrated the histopathological changes of neural elements within the brachial plexus as a result of cervical rib compression.

Methods: Four hundred seventy-five consecutive human cadavers were evaluated for the presence of cervical ribs. From this cohort, 2 male specimens (0.

Does the ganglion of Ribes exist?

Some have included the ganglion of Ribes (Francois Ribes, 1765-1845), lying on the anterior communicating artery, as the most superior ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. To verify the presence of this structure, the anterior communicating artery was harvested from 40 fresh adult cadavers and histological analysis and immunochemistry performed. Grossly and with magnification, no ganglion-like structures were found in or around the anterior communicating artery in any specimen.

The filum terminale externum.

Object: The filum terminale externum (FTE) is the extradural component of the filum terminale internum and little attention has been dedicated to this structure in the literature. The authors theorized that the rare intrasacral ependymomas may originate from ependymal cell collections within the FTE.

Methods: To address this hypothesis, the FTE was dissected and analyzed histologically in 15 adult cadavers.

Complete ossification of the human falx cerebri.

During the routine dissection of the head and neck of an adult male cadaver complete ossification of the falx cerebri was noted. Anomalous ossification was not found in any other dural component or other parts of the body. The brain appeared grossly normal.