Persistent Symptoms and Sequelae After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Not Requiring Hospitalization: Results From Testing Denmark, a Danish Cross-sectional Survey.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with persistent symptoms ("long COVID"). We assessed the burden of long COVID among nonhospitalized adults with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: In the fall of 2020, a cross-sectional survey was performed in the adult Danish general population.

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 in Denmark.

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and new variants emerge. Using nationwide Danish data, we estimate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.

Household transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Denmark.

In late 2021, the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant overtook the previously dominant Delta variant, but the extent to which this transition was driven by immune evasion or a change in the inherent transmissibility is currently unclear. We estimate SARS-CoV-2 transmission within Danish households during December 2021. Among 26,675 households (8,568 with the Omicron VOC), we identified 14,140 secondary infections within a 1-7-day follow-up period.

Risk of hospitalisation associated with infection with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant versus delta variant in Denmark: an observational cohort study.

Background: Estimates of the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant (B.1.1.

Nationwide study on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households from lockdown to reopening, Denmark, 27 February 2020 to 1 August 2020.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious global public health threats of recent times. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission is key for outbreak response and to take action against the spread of disease. Transmission within the household is a concern, especially because infection control is difficult to apply within this setting.

Increased transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 by age and viral load.

New lineages of SARS-CoV-2 are of potential concern due to higher transmissibility, risk of severe outcomes, and/or escape from neutralizing antibodies. Lineage B.1.

Risk of hospitalisation associated with infection with SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in Denmark: an observational cohort study.

Background: The more infectious SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.

Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Fatality Rate by Real-time Antibody Screening of Blood Donors.

Background: The pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has tremendous consequences for our societies. Knowledge of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 is needed to accurately monitor the spread of the epidemic and to calculate the infection fatality rate (IFR). These measures may help the authorities make informed decisions and adjust the current societal interventions.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Fatality Rate Among Elderly Danes: A Cross-sectional Study on Retired Blood Donors.

Background: Although the vast majority of individuals succumbing to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are elderly, infection fatality rate (IFR) estimates for the age group ≥70 years are still scarce. To this end, we assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among retired blood donors and combined it with national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survey data to provide reliable population-based IFR estimates for this age group.

Methods: We identified 60 926 retired blood donors aged ≥70 years in the rosters of 3 regionwide Danish blood banks and invited them to fill in a questionnaire on COVID-19-related symptoms and behaviors.

Phage-Mediated Immune Evasion and Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Humans.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) can acquire phage-encoded immune modulators, such as the immune evasion cluster (IEC), which protects bacteria from components of the human innate immune system, and the enzyme TarP, which protects against antibody-mediated immune recognition. We used whole-genome sequencing and epidemiologic investigations to study the effects of IEC- and tarP-harboring phages on household transmission of LA-MRSA in North Denmark Region during 2004-2011. We reviewed information about all patients throughout Denmark who experienced LA-MRSA infection during 2007-2018 to determine whether IEC is associated with increased spread into the general population.

Ticagrelor and the risk of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and other infections.

Aims: To investigate the 1-year risks of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB), sepsis, and pneumonia in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and were treated with ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel.

Methods And Results: In this nationwide observational cohort study, 26 606 patients who underwent urgent or emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (January 2011-December 2017) and initiated treatment with ticagrelor [N = 20 073 (75.

Dabigatran and the Risk of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Treatment with dabigatran, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, reduces the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in in vitro and in vivo models. However, it remains to be determined whether dabigatran reduces the risk of S. aureus infections in humans.

Genome investigations show host adaptation and transmission of LA-MRSA CC398 from pigs into Danish healthcare institutions.

Over the last decade, an increasing number of infections with livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clonal complex 398 (LA-MRSA CC398) in persons without contact to livestock has been registered in Denmark. These infections have been suggested to be the result of repeated spillover of random isolates from livestock into the community. However, other studies also found emerging sub-lineages spreading among humans.

Cohort description: The Danish Blood Donor Carriage Study.

Purpose: carriage poses an increased risk of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the colonization of among healthy individuals and to establish a prospective cohort and biobank for research in the health consequences of colonization.

Population And Methods: The Danish Blood Donor Carriage Study (DBDSaCS) was established in 2014.

Increased risk of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in hemodialysis-A nationwide study.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is a high-risk infection and feared complication related to hemodialysis. This study aimed to investigate incidence and risk factors for SAB depending on hemodialysis access type.

Methods: The Danish National Registry on Regular Dialysis and Transplantation was used to identify patients from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2011 with end-stage kidney disease.

Drivers and Dynamics of Methicillin-Resistant Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus CC398 in Pigs and Humans in Denmark.

The spread of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant clonal complex 398 (LA-MRSA CC398) within the Danish pig production system has been linked to an increased number of human infections. Yet, the population structure and transmission dynamics of this important pathogen remain poorly understood. In this study, whole-genome sequences from 371 LA-MRSA CC398 isolates collected between 2004 and 2015 were subjected to bioinformatic analyses.

Human genetic variation in GLS2 is associated with development of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

The role of host genetic variation in the development of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is poorly understood. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to examine the cumulative effect of coding variants in each gene on risk of complicated SAB in a discovery sample of 168 SAB cases (84 complicated and 84 uncomplicated, frequency matched by age, sex, and bacterial clonal complex [CC]), and then evaluated the most significantly associated genes in a replication sample of 240 SAB cases (122 complicated and 118 uncomplicated, frequency matched for age, sex, and CC) using targeted sequence capture. In the discovery sample, gene-based analysis using the SKAT-O program identified 334 genes associated with complicated SAB at p<3.

Human Genetic Susceptibility to Native Valve Endocarditis in Patients With Bacteremia: Genome-Wide Association Study.

infective endocarditis (SaIE) is a severe complication of bacteremia (SAB) occurring in up to 22% of patients. Bacterial genetic factors and host conditions for SaIE have been intensely studied before; however, to date no study has focused on predisposing host genetic factors to SaIE. The present study aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with SaIE by a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of 67 patients with definite native valve SaIE (cases) and 72 matched native valve patients with SAB but without IE (controls).

No apparent transmission of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant CC398 in a survey of staff at a regional Danish hospital.

Background: In recent years, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) multi locus sequence type CC398 has spread widely in the livestock production in Europe. The rates of LA-MRSA in hospitals have been found to be largely determined by contact to and density of livestock in the area.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study of the prevalence of LA-MRSA among hospital staff in a Danish hospital situated in a livestock production region.

Whole-genome sequencing of bloodstream Staphylococcus aureus isolates does not distinguish bacteraemia from endocarditis.

Most Staphylococcus aureus isolates can cause invasive disease given the right circumstances, but it is unknown if some isolates are more likely to cause severe infections than others. S. aureus bloodstream isolates from 120 patients with definite infective endocarditis and 121 with S.

The associations between socioeconomic status and risk of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and subsequent endocarditis - a Danish nationwide cohort study.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is the leading cause of infective endocarditis in several countries. Since socioeconomic status (SES) is known to influence the risk of infectious diseases in general, we aimed to investigate the association between SES and SAB, and risk of subsequent endocarditis in a nationwide adult population.

Methods: All Danish residents were consecutively included at age ≥ 30 years during 1996-2010.