Human red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity: a revisit after fifteen years.

Human red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE) activity is valuable for detecting potential exposure to cholinesterase inhibiting substances (CIS). A reliable population-based RBC-AChE activity reference range is critical for early and massive clinical and occupational toxicology screening. Previous published studies were often limited to small numbers of subjects, various testing methods, and crude statistical data analyses.

The COVID-19 pandemic: A time for veterinary leadership in one health.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a wake-up call for leaders of the North American veterinary profession. Veterinary professionals constitute an invaluable workforce capable of delivering public services essential to weathering the current pandemic and preventing future pandemics. Yet North American veterinary professionals are often underutilized in efforts that could maximize their contributions to public health and research.

Streptococcus bovis/S. equinus complex septicemia in a group of calves following intramuscular vaccination.

Organisms previously classified as Streptococcus bovis (i.e., the S.

The development of gene therapy: from monogenic recessive disorders to complex diseases such as cancer.

During the last 4 decades, gene therapy has moved from preclinical to clinical studies for many diseases ranging from monogenic recessive disorders such as hemophilia to more complex diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To date, more than 1,340 gene therapy clinical trials have been completed, are ongoing, or have been approved in 28 countries, using more than 100 genes. Most of those clinical trials (66.

Patterning of multiple layered projections to the auditory midbrain prior to experience.

The precise arrangement of patterned inputs into discrete functional domains is a common organizational feature of primary sensory structures. While the specific organization of patterned connections has been well documented in the visual and somatosensory systems, comparatively little is known about the arrangement of neighboring afferent patterns in the emerging auditory system. Here we report early projection specificity for multiple converging inputs to the rat central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC).