Strain Rate Sensitivity of Low Carbon Threaded Steel Rods of Grade 4.6.

Bolt connections are widely used in construction and engineering to securely join structural elements. These connections are essential for distributing loads across components and ensuring that structures can withstand external forces. The planned failure of these bolts is of great importance in steel safety barriers (SSBs), as it can directly influence the height of the guardrail and the working width of the SSB during the vehicle impact, which consequently affects the crash consequences.

Material properties of human patellar-ligament grafts from the elderly population.

The aim of the presented study was to estimate the material properties of human patellar ligaments from the elderly population by means of tensile tests. The experimental part was conducted on a custom tensile-testing device, with a built-in enclosure to simulate in-vivo conditions, using 25 (15 female, 10 male) bone-ligament-bone samples from elderly (age 83 (8)) human donors. During the tensile tests, the resultant force and displacement of the sample attachments were recorded.

Analysis of the mechanical response of damaged human cervical spine ligaments.

Background: Cervical spine ligaments that protect the spinal cord and stabilize the spine are frequently injured in motor vehicle collisions and other traumatic situations. These injuries are usually incomplete, and often difficult to notice. The focus of the presented study is placed on analysis of the effect of subfailure load on the mechanical response of the three main cervical spine ligaments: the anterior and the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum.

Comparative study of European tunnel emergency-stop-area-wall protection measures.

Due to the increasing number of traffic accidents involving the collisions of vehicles with the emergency-stop-area head walls in tunnels, a comparative numerical analysis in accordance with the EN 1317 standard has been performed in order to assess the quality of the available protective safety barriers. Based on the simulation results, the values of the relevant injury criteria - the acceleration severity index (ASI), the theoretical head impact velocity (THIV) and the post-impact head deceleration (PHD) - were computed for several collision scenarios involving two different passenger vehicles colliding with two different safety barriers in various ways. The results show that due to the geometrical restrictions in the tunnel's emergency stop area none of the barriers can provide total protection for the occupants of the vehicle in the event of a collision.