Onset and progression of postmortem histological changes in the central nervous system of RccHan: WIST rats.

Death initiates a cascade of physiological and biochemical alterations in organs and tissues, resulting in microscopic changes that challenge the histopathological evaluation. Moreover, the brain is particularly susceptible to artifacts owing to its unique composition and its location within the cranial vault. The aim of this study was to compile and illustrate the microscopic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats subjected to delayed postmortem fixation.

Molecular characterization of chronic cutaneous wounds reveals subregion- and wound type-specific differential gene expression.

A limited understanding of the pathology underlying chronic wounds has hindered the development of effective diagnostic markers and pharmaceutical interventions. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular composition of various common chronic ulcer types to facilitate drug discovery strategies. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of leg ulcers (LUs), encompassing venous and arterial ulcers, foot ulcers (FUs), pressure ulcers (PUs), and compared them with surgical wound healing complications (WHCs).

European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (Pathology 2.0 Molecular Pathology Special Interest Group): Review of In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Drug Research and Development.

In situ hybridization (ISH) is used for the localization of specific nucleic acid sequences in cells or tissues by complementary binding of a nucleotide probe to a specific target nucleic acid sequence. In the last years, the specificity and sensitivity of ISH assays were improved by innovative techniques like synthetic nucleic acids and tandem oligonucleotide probes combined with signal amplification methods like branched DNA, hybridization chain reaction and tyramide signal amplification. These improvements increased the application spectrum for ISH on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.

Basic Exploratory Study of Bisphenol A (BPA) Dietary Administration to Istrian Pramenka Rams and Male Toxicity Investigation.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical and environmental pollutant, has been reported by many researchers to induce male reproductive toxicity in different experimental models. In this study, we investigated whether long-term exposure for two months to 25 µg/kg body weight (low dose) of BPA affects spermatogenesis or sperm quality in young Istrian Pramenka rams exposed via diet. We evaluated body and testicular weights, histopathology of testes and epididymides, and sperm analyses, and compared these parameters between the group of treated rams and the control group of rams.

Inter-laboratory performance of ICE histopathology scoring to identify UN GHS Category 1 surfactants and non-extreme pH detergents.

The inter-laboratory performance of Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) histopathology scoring was assessed for predicting EU CLP/UN GHS Cat. 1 surfactants. Furthermore, the predictive capacity of ICE histopathology was evaluated for the combined dataset of surfactants and existing data for non-extreme pH (2 < pH < 11.

A craniopharyngioma in a Wistar rat most likely originated in a Rathke's cleft cyst.

We examined a 110-week-old RccHan: WIST Wistar male rat from a carcinogenicity study. No clinical signs were observed, and the rat was sacrificed at the end of the study. Macroscopically, within the midline of the sphenoid bone, was a 10 mm, non-infiltrative, soft, heterogeneous mass.

Longitudinal noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of brain microhemorrhages in BACE inhibitor-treated APP transgenic mice.

Currently, several immunotherapies and BACE (Beta Site APP Cleaving Enzyme) inhibitor approaches are being tested in the clinic for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A crucial mechanism-related safety concern is the exacerbation of microhemorrhages, which are already present in the majority of Alzheimer patients. To investigate potential safety liabilities of long-term BACE inhibitor therapy, we used aged amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice (APP23), which robustly develop cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Pharmacological BACE1 and BACE2 inhibition induces hair depigmentation by inhibiting PMEL17 processing in mice.

Melanocytes of the hair follicle produce melanin and are essential in determining the differences in hair color. Pigment cell-specific MELanocyte Protein (PMEL17) plays a crucial role in melanogenesis. One of the critical steps is the amyloid-like functional oligomerization of PMEL17.

Cell type- and isotype-specific expression and regulation of β-tubulins in primary olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells in vitro.

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and Schwann cells (SCs) are closely-related cell types with regeneration-promoting properties. Comparative gene expression analysis is particularly relevant since it may explain cell type-specific effects and guide the use of each cell type into special clinical applications. In the present study, we focused on β-tubulin isotype expression in primary adult canine glia as a translational large animal model.

Periventricular demyelination and axonal pathology is associated with subependymal virus spread in a murine model for multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection of mice is a widely used animal model for demyelinating disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the present study was to identify topographical differences of TMEV spread and demyelination in the brain of experimentally infected susceptible SJL/J mice and resistant C57BL/6 mice.

Methods: Demyelination was confirmed by Luxol fast blue and cresyl violet staining and axonal damage by neurofilament-specific and β-amyloid precursor protein-specific immunohistochemistry.

Axonopathy is associated with complex axonal transport defects in a model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease characterized by myelin and axonal pathology. In a viral model of MS, we tested whether axonopathy initiation and development are based on an impaired transport of neurofilaments. Spinal cords of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-infected and mock-infected mice and TMEV infected neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells were analyzed by microarray analysis, light microscopy and electron and laser confocal microscopy.

Defining the morphological phenotype: 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) is a novel marker for in situ detection of canine but not rat olfactory ensheathing cells.

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are the non-myelinating glial cells of the olfactory nerves and bulb. The fragmentary characterization of OECs in situ during normal development may be due to their small size requiring intricate ultrastructural analysis and to the fact that available markers for in situ detection are either expressed only by OEC subpopulations or lost during development. In the present study, we searched for markers with stable expression in OECs and investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of CNPase, an early oligodendrocyte/Schwann cell marker, in comparison with the prototype marker p75(NTR).

Impact of beta-galactosidase mutations on the expression of the canine lysosomal multienzyme complex.

beta-galactosidase (GLB1) forms a functional lysosomal multienzyme complex with lysosomal protective protein (PPCA) and neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) which is important for its intracellular processing and activity. Mutations in the beta-galactosidase gene cause the lysosomal storage disease G(M1)-gangliosidosis. In order to identify additional molecular changes associated with the presence of beta-galactosidase mutations, the expression of canine lysosomal multienzyme complex components in GLB1(+/+), GLB1(+/-) and GLB1(-/-) fibroblasts was investigated by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and enzymatic assays.

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis.

A poorly described, painful disorder of incisor and canine teeth, variably causing periodontitis, with resorptive or proliferative changes of the calcified dental tissues, has recently been documented in aged horses. No plausible aetiopathogenesis for this syndrome has been recorded. Eighteen diseased teeth from eight horses were examined grossly and microscopically and showed the presence of odontoclastic cells by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.

Transfection of adult canine Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells at early and late passage with human TERT differentially affects growth factor responsiveness and in vitro growth.

Adult canine Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are closely related cell types that are considered attractive candidates for translational studies of neural repair. To establish a reliable cell source by comparing the in vitro properties of immortalized Schwann cells and OECs for transplantation purposes, we transfected both cell types with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Ectopic hTERT expression has been shown to induce immortalization of various cell types without substantial alterations of their phenotypes.

Similar behaviour and primate-like properties of adult canine Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells in long-term culture.

Adult canine Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been shown to promote neural regeneration in vivo. Since the majority of studies have been performed in rodents, it is not yet clear in how far OECs from large animals and humans share the reported properties. Moreover, due to the lack of comparative studies, it remains to be established whether Schwann cells and OECs display cell type-specific characteristics.

Rapid and accurate G M1-gangliosidosis diagnosis using a parentage testing microsatellite.

The G M1-gangliosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by structural defects of the beta-galactosidase gene (GLB1) which lead to a severe phenotypical impairment in homozygous individuals, whereas heterozygous carriers remain clinically normal. Currently employed DNA parentage tests include the analysis of microsatellites, which also have a diagnostic predictive value. The aim of this study was to provide a reliable tool for genotyping the canine GLB1 which can be effectively integrated in parentage testing investigations.

A duplication in the canine beta-galactosidase gene GLB1 causes exon skipping and GM1-gangliosidosis in Alaskan huskies.

GM(1)-gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease that is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder, predominantly caused by structural defects in the beta-galactosidase gene (GLB1). The molecular cause of GM(1)-gangliosidosis in Alaskan huskies was investigated and a novel 19-bp duplication in exon 15 of the GLB1 gene was identified. The duplication comprised positions +1688-+1706 of the GLB1 cDNA.