Improved cardiorespiratory fitness following moderate exercise may encourage inactive people for doable and sustainable behavioral change.

Background: Global physical inactivity pandemic is responsible for more than 5 million deaths annually through its effects on non-communicable diseases. This requires urgent intervention. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of physical activity with cardiovascular fitness in a cross-sectional retrospective observational fashion.

The MRI characteristics of the no-flow region are similar in reperfused and non-reperfused myocardial infarcts: an MRI and histopathology study in swine.

Background: The no-flow region (NF) visualised by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in myocardial infarction (MI) has been explained as the product of reperfusion-injury-induced microvascular obstruction. However, a similar MRI phenomenon occurs in non-reperfused MI. Accordingly, our purpose was to compare the MRI and histopathologic characteristics of the NF in reperfused and non-reperfused MIs.

Age-independent myocardial infarct quantification by signal intensity percent infarct mapping in swine.

Purpose: To test whether signal intensity percent infarct mapping (SI-PIM) accurately determines the size of myocardial infarct (MI) regardless of infarct age.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five swine with reperfused MI underwent 1.5T late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after bolus injection of 0.

A Simple Numerical Body Surface Mapping Parameter Signifies Successful Percutaneous Coronary Artery Intervention.

Background: In coronary artery disease (CAD), body surface potential mapping (BSPM) may reveal minor electrical potential changes appearing in the depolarization phase even if pathological changes are absent on the conventional 12-lead ECG. We hypothesized that a simple BSPM parameter, Max/Min signifies successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: Ninety-two adult Caucasian patients with stable CAD and positive exercise test underwent coronary angiography.

Infarct density distribution by MRI in the porcine model of acute and chronic myocardial infarction as a potential method transferable to the clinic.

To study the feasibility of a myocardial infarct (MI) quantification method [signal intensity-based percent infarct mapping (SI-PIM)] that is able to evaluate not only the size, but also the density distribution of the MI. In 14 male swine, MI was generated by 90 min of closed-chest balloon occlusion followed by reperfusion. Seven (n = 7) or 56 (n = 7) days after reperfusion, Gd-DTPA-bolus and continuous-infusion enhanced late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI, and R1-mapping were carried out and post mortem triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride (TTC) staining was performed.

Determination of infarct size in ex vivo swine hearts by multidetector computed tomography using gadolinium as contrast medium.

Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of using multidetector computed tomography with gadolinium contrast (Gd-MDCT) for the quantification of myocardial infarct (MI).

Materials And Methods: MI was induced in male swine (n = 6). One week later, the animals received 0.

Quantification of myocardial viability distribution with Gd(DTPA) bolus-enhanced, signal intensity-based percent infarct mapping.

Introduction: A substantial, common shortcoming of the currently used semiautomated techniques for the quantification of myocardial infarct with delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging is the assumption that the whole myocardial slab that corresponds to the hyperenhanced tomographic area is 100% nonviable. This assumption is, however, incorrect. To resolve this conflict, we have recently proposed the signal intensity percent-infarct mapping method and validated it in an ex vivo, canine experiment.

Acute infarct selective MRI contrast agent.

To determine the infarct affinity of a low molecular weight contrast agent, Gd(ABE-DTTA), during the subacute phase of myocardial infarct (MI). Dogs (n = 7) were examined, using a closed-chest, reperfused MI model. MI was generated by occluding for 180 min the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery with an angioplasty balloon.

[Dobutamine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with peripheral artery disease].

Patients with peripheral arterial disease often have coronary heart disease, as well. However, their assessment with classical noninvasive cardiology methods is often non-diagnostic or limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility and the risks of dobutamine stress cardiovascular MRI for cardiac evaluation of patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Differentiation of acute and four-week old myocardial infarct with Gd(ABE-DTTA)-enhanced CMR.

Background: Standard extracellular cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) contrast agents (CA) do not provide differentiation between acute and older myocardial infarcts (MI). The purpose of this study was to develop a method for differentiation between acute and older myocardial infarct using myocardial late-enhancement (LE) CMR by a new, low molecular weight contrast agent.Dogs (n = 6) were studied in a closed-chest, reperfused, double myocardial infarct model.

Hypotensive resuscitation of multiple hemorrhages using crystalloid and colloids.

Hypotensive resuscitation has been advocated as a better means to perform field resuscitation of penetrating trauma. Our hypothesis is that hypotensive resuscitation using either crystalloid or colloid provides equivalent or improved metabolic function while reducing the overall fluid requirement for resuscitation of hemorrhage. We compared hypotensive and normotensive resuscitation of hemorrhage using lactated Ringer's (LR) with hypotensive resuscitation using Hextend (Hex), 6% hetastarch in isotonic buffered saline.

Evaluation of hyperdynamic resuscitation in 60% TBSA burn-injured sheep.

It has been suggested that hyperdynamic (HD) resuscitation improves outcomes. We hypothesized that initial HD resuscitation of burn injury using fluid and inotropes would improve metabolic function as indicated by base excess. We used an anesthetized ovine model of 60% TBSA full-thickness flame burn with delayed resuscitation started at 90 min after burn and continued for 8 h.

Near-infrared spectroscopy-guided closed-loop resuscitation of hemorrhage.

Background: Endpoint resuscitation has been suggested as a better means to resuscitate penetrating injury. We performed computer-controlled closed-loop resuscitation using invasive cardiac output (CO) or noninvasive skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SkMusSO(2)) via near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Methods: Conscious sheep received a 4.

Sleep environment and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in an urban population: the Chicago Infant Mortality Study.

Objective: To examine risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with the goal of reducing SIDS mortality among blacks, which continues to affect this group at twice the rate of whites.

Methods: We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of 260 SIDS deaths that occurred in Chicago between 1993 and 1996 and an equal number of matched living controls to determine the association between SIDS and factors in the sleep environment and other variables related to infant care.

Results: The racial/ethnic composition of the study groups was 75.

Isoflurane but not mechanical ventilation promotes extravascular fluid accumulation during crystalloid volume loading.

Background: The combination of isoflurane anesthesia and mechanical ventilation reduces urinary output and promotes redistribution of a crystalloid bolus into the extravascular space. The authors hypothesized that mechanical ventilation rather than isoflurane causes this alteration.

Methods: The fate of a 25-ml/kg, 20-min, 0.

Comparison of transfusion with DCLHb or pRBCs for treatment of intraoperative anemia in sheep.

Isoflurane-anesthetized sheep were transfused with packed red blood cells (pRBCs) or diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) for treatment of intraoperative hemorrhage. A rapid 15-min hemorrhage with lactated Ringer (LR) infusion maintained filling pressure at baseline and reduced blood hemoglobin (Hb) to ~5 g/dl. Sheep received 2 g/kg Hb, DCLHb (n = 6), or pRBCs (n = 7); control group received LR alone (n = 6).