Duplication of the inferior vena cava with thrombotic complication: incidentally detected.

Although the duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVCD) is usually clinically silent and often detected incidentally by image analysis, it may have important relevance during retroperitoneal surgery and endovenous procedures. Furthermore, IVCD may represent the primary provocating factor of unilateral iliofemoral vein thrombosis in patient with hypoplasia or thrombosis of one of the caval veins. This was the case in a 37-year-old man with acute painful swelling of the right leg.

Assessment of PTEN-associated vascular malformations in a patient with Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome.

Misdiagnosis of phosphatase and tensin homologue hamartoma syndromes is common. Correct diagnosis has a relevant impact on patients, as the risk of malignancies is high and treatment options are limited. We report the case of a 24-year-old man who presented with symptomatic vascular intramuscular lesions of the left forearm and right calf, macrocephaly, post Hashimoto thyroiditis, a multicystic intracranial paratrigonal lesion, lentiginous hyperpigmented maculae on the foreskin and multiple skin lesions.

Nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation provides effective analgesia during the administration of tumescent local anaesthesia for endovenous laser ablation.

Background: Tumescent anaesthesia (TA) is an important but sometimes very painful step during endovenous thermal ablation of incompetent veins. The aim of this study was to examine whether the use of fixed 50% nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (N2O/O2), also called equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide, reduces pain during the application of TA.

Patients And Methods: Patients undergoing endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of incompetent saphenous veins were included.

Sclerotherapy of lymphatic cysts of the leg with OK-432.

Lymphatic cysts can either represent lymphatic malformations (LMs) or may occur after trauma or operation. Independent of their etiology lymphatic cysts can cause functional impairment and recurrent skin infections. We report the successful use of OK-432 injected transcutanously to treat lymphatic macrocysts.