Routine elastin staining improves venous invasion detection in colorectal carcinoma.

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in North America. Invasion of tumor cells into lymphatic and blood vessels is an imperative step in the metastatic progression of colorectal carcinoma.

Objectives: This is a before-and-after study conducted by the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine of Mount Sinai Medical Center of Florida to assess the impact on venous invasion (VI) detection by implementing routine elastin staining on all tumor-containing blocks per case, where feasible, in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) resection specimens.

Morphological and immunophenotypical analysis of the spindle cell component in adenomyomatous hyperplasia of the gallbladder.

Background: Adenomyomatous hyperplasia (AMH) of the gallbladder, reported in 1-8.7% of cholecystectomies, consists of cystically dilated sinuses/glands with a surrounding spindle cell proliferation which is thought to be composed of smooth muscle cells. Myofibroblasts are contractile cells that secrete a variety of biochemical modulators causing a "field-effect".

Repurposing of Anticancer Stem Cell Drugs in Brain Tumors.

Brain tumors in adults may be infrequent when compared with other cancer etiologies, but they remain one of the deadliest with bleak survival rates. Current treatment modalities encompass surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, increasing resistance rates are being witnessed, and this has been attributed, in part, to cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion-targeted biopsy combined with systematic 12-core ultrasound-guided biopsy improves the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer: Are we ready to abandon the systematic approach?

Background: Multiparametric (mp) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-ultrasound fusion-targeted biopsy (TB) has improved the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csCaP) using the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) reporting system, leading some authors to conclude that TB can replace the 12-core systematic biopsy (SB). We compared the diagnostic performance of TB with SB at our institution.

Methods: Eighty-three men with elevated prostate-specific antigen levels (6.

Rising incidence of appendiceal neoplasms over time: Does pathological handling of appendectomy specimens play a role?

Background: Appendectomy is the most common emergent surgical procedure. Primary appendiceal neoplasms are rare entities that are usually detected incidentally in less than 2% of all appendectomies. The increase in the incidence rates of appendiceal neoplasms over time raises the question whether there is an actual change in the disease occurrence or is it a matter of increased recognition and reporting of what would have been previously missed and undiagnosed.

Retinoblastoma co-repressor 1 (RB) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN) as a multi-gene panel for differentiating pulmonary from non-pulmonary origin in metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Background: Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) arise from neuroendocrine cells present throughout the body, and often present with metastases even with small and undetectable primary tumors. Additionally, neuroendocrine differentiation can be seen in carcinomas of non-neuroendocrine origin further complicating the landscape of metastatic NECs. Organ specific immunohistochemical markers such as TTF1, CDX2 and PAX8 are often lost in high grade tumors and may be non-contributory in localizing the primary site.

Medulloblastoma cancer stem cells: molecular signatures and therapeutic targets.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant primary intracranial neoplasm diagnosed in childhood. Although numerous efforts have been made during the past few years to exploit novel targeted therapies for this aggressive neoplasm, there still exist substantial hitches hindering successful management of MB. Lately, progress in cancer biology has shown evidence that a subpopulation of cells within the tumour, namely cancer stem cells (CSCs), are thought to be responsible for the resistance to most chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy, accounting for cancer recurrence.

Clinical, histopathologic, and immunoarchitectural features of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy: an update.

Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy is a distinctive form of paracortical lymph node hyperplasia that usually occurs in the setting of chronic dermatologic disorders. The aim of this study is to update our understanding of the clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. The study cohort was 50 lymph node samples from 42 patients diagnosed with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy.

Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Maps to Chromosome 7q11.23: An Autopsy Case Report of a Novel Genetic Variant.

Pontocerebellar hypoplasias are a group of autosomal recessive neurodevelopmetal disorders with varied phenotypic presentations and extensive genetic mutational landscape that are currently classified into ten subtypes. This classification is based predominantly on the genetic iterations as the phenotypic presentations are often broad and overlapping. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type-3 (PCH3) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a small cerebellar vermis, hyperreflexia, and seizures, described in Middle Eastern families in association with a homozygous truncating mutation of the gene in locus 7q11-21.

Low-Grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the interobserver reproducibility in diagnosing low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We also aimed to compare the interobserver variability using a proposed two-tiered grading system as opposed to the current three-tiered system.

Methods: Three expert breast pathologists and one junior pathologist identified low-grade DCIS from a set of 300 DCIS slides.

Congenital acinar dysplasia: a lethal entity.

Congenital acinar dysplasia is a lethal, developmental lung malformation resulting in neonatal respiratory insufficiency. This entity is characterized by pulmonary hypoplasia and arrest in the pseudoglandular stage of development, resulting in the absence of functional gas exchange. The etiology is unknown, but a relationship with the disruption of the TBX4-FGF10 pathway has been described.

Tracheal agenesis with esophageal atresia: an autopsy case report of a variant incompatible with life.

: Tracheal agenesis/atresia (TA) presents with respiratory distress at birth and subsequent difficulty in endotracheal intubation. The antenatal course is complicated by polyhydramnios and premature labor. : We present a newborn baby boy with respiratory distress and unsuccessful intubation.

Liver Fibrosis Helps to Distinguish Autoimmune Hepatitis from DILI with Autoimmune Features: A Review of Twenty Cases.

Drug-induced liver injury with autoimmune features (AI-DILI) mimics the clinical presentation, and laboratory and pathologic features of idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We aimed to identify histopathologic hallmarks to differentiate these entities. All liver biopsies archived for the past 10 years were reviewed retrospectively to identify cases of recently detected liver injury associated with predominantly lymphoplasmacytic interphase hepatitis, positive markers for liver autoimmunity, and negative tests for viral hepatitis.

A clinicopathological study of fibroadenomas with epithelial proliferation including lobular carcinoma in-situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, DCIS and invasive carcinoma.

Background: Fibroadenoma is a benign mixed tumor composed of epithelial and non-epithelial components. The epithelial component of a fibroadenoma may exhibit proliferation, including lobular carcinoma in-situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, DCIS and rarely, invasive breast carcinoma.

Objective: In this series of 30 cases of fibroadenoma with epithelial proliferation, we assessed the radiological and histopathological findings of each entity.

Osteosarcoma presenting with malignant pleural effusion in a 55 year old.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the bone with over 60% of the cases occurring in patients 10-20 years old. Osteosarcoma rarely occurs in patients older than 40 years of age, most commonly in bones affected by preexisting conditions such as Paget's disease, prior irradiated bone or osteogenesis imperfecta. Osteosarcoma presenting with pleural metastases is very rare.

Cholangitis Lenta Causing Bile Cast Nephropathy: A Unique Model of Hepatorenal Failure in Sepsis.

Introduction: Inadequate perfusion and abnormal cellular metabolism are among the mechanisms of organ dysfunction in sepsis. Concomitant hepatorenal failure during the late phase of sepsis is poorly understood.

Case Report: The autopsy of a child who developed sepsis-induced hepatorenal failure revealed bile cast nephropathy, hepatic centrilobular necrosis and cholangitis lenta, a type of sepsis-induced cholestasis, with no biliary obstruction, fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Comparison of Performance Characteristics of Oval Cup Forceps Versus Serrated Jaw Forceps in Gastric Biopsy.

Background: Obtaining quality endoscopic biopsy specimens is vital in making successful histological diagnoses. The influence of forceps cup shape and size on quality of biopsy specimens is unclear.

Aim: To identify whether oval cup or two different serrated jaw biopsy forceps could obtain specimens of superior size.

Constitutive Notch Signaling Causes Abnormal Development of the Oviducts, Abnormal Angiogenesis, and Cyst Formation in Mouse Female Reproductive Tract.

The Notch signaling pathway is critical for the differentiation of many tissues and organs in the embryo. To study the consequences of Notch1 gain-of-function signaling on female reproductive tract development, we used a cre-loxP strategy and Amhr2-cre transgene to generate mice with conditionally activated Notch1 (Rosa(Notch1)). The Amhr2-cre transgene is expressed in the mesenchyme of developing female reproductive tract and in granulosa cells in the ovary.

Prevalence and distribution of VZV in temporal arteries of patients with giant cell arteritis.

Objective: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection may trigger the inflammatory cascade that characterizes giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded GCA-positive temporal artery (TA) biopsies (50 sections/TA) including adjacent skeletal muscle and normal TAs obtained postmortem from subjects >50 years of age were examined by immunohistochemistry for presence and distribution of VZV antigen and by ultrastructural examination for virions. Adjacent regions were examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining.

Prognostic significance of TP53 mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms in acute myeloid leukemia: a case series and literature review.

Background: The response to treatment and overall survival (OS) of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is variable, with a median ranging from 6 months to 11.5 years. TP53 is associated with old age, chemotherapy resistance, and worse OS.

Reduced androgen receptor expression accelerates the onset of ERBB2 induced breast tumors in female mice.

Androgen receptor (AR) is commonly expressed in both the epithelium of normal mammary glands and in breast cancers. AR expression in breast cancers is independent of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) status and is frequently associated with overexpression of the ERBB2 oncogene. AR signaling effects on breast cancer progression may depend on ERα and ERBB2 status.

Solitary neurofibroma of the breast.

Neurofibromas are slow-growing, painless, benign nerve-sheath tumors. They occur most commonly in the dermis and subcutis and are rarely found in the breast. We report a rare case of a solitary neurofibroma of the breast in a 61-year-old asymptomatic woman.