Capturing 'R&D excellence': indicators, international statistics, and innovative universities.

Excellent research may contribute to successful science-based technological innovation. We define 'R&D excellence' in terms of scientific research that has contributed to the development of influential technologies, where 'excellence' refers to the top segment of a statistical distribution based on internationally comparative performance scores. Our measurements are derived from frequency counts of literature references ('citations') from patents to research publications during the last 15 years.

Twenty-first century macro-trends in the institutional fabric of science: bibliometric monitoring and analysis.

Some say that world science has become more 'applied', or at least more 'application-oriented', in recent years. Replacing the ill-defined distinction between 'basic research' and 'applied research', we introduce 'research application orientation' domains as an alternative conceptual and analytical framework for examining research output growth patterns. To distinguish possible developmental trajectories we define three institutional domains: 'university', 'industry', 'hospitals'.

University-industry R&D linkage metrics: validity and applicability in world university rankings.

In September 2015 Thomson Reuters published its (RIU). Covering 100 large research-intensive universities worldwide, Stanford University came in first, MIT was second and Harvard in third position. But how meaningful is this outcome? In this paper we will take a critical view from a methodological perspective.

Is the randomized controlled drug trial in Europe lagging behind the USA?

Aims: Performance of randomized controlled drug trials (drugRCTs) adds to the scientific output, scientific knowledge, scientific training and up-to-date status of healthcare and may drive economy. The purpose of this study was to benchmark Europe's position on drugRCTs relative to the rest of the world, and to identify factors that may drive this performance.

Methods: The number of scientific publications on drugRCTs, indexed in PubMed and Thomson Scientific/Web of Science database over the period 1995-2004, was used as a proxy measure for the quantitative drugRCT output.