What gets recorded, counts: dementia recording in primary care compared with a specialist database.

Background: databases of electronic health records are powerful tools for dementia research, but data can be influenced by incomplete recording. We examined whether people with dementia recorded in a specialist database (from a mental health and dementia care service) differ from those recorded in primary care.

Methods: a retrospective cohort study of the population covered by Lambeth DataNet (primary care electronic records) between 2007 and 2019.

Aspirin in people with dementia, long-term benefits, and harms: a systematic review.

Purpose: People with dementia may have indications for aspirin prescription and clinicians are asked to balance the potential risks against benefits. This review examines the evidence for the risk and benefit of long-term aspirin use in people with dementia aged over 65 years, including randomised controlled trials and observational studies.

Methods: We searched three databases for research published between 2007 and 2020.

Hunger Games: Impact of Fasting Guidelines for Orthopedic Procedural Sedation in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Background: Fasting guidelines for pediatric procedural sedation have historically been controversial. Recent literature suggests that there is no difference in adverse events regardless of fasting status.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine adverse outcomes and departmental efficiency when fasting guidelines are not considered during pediatric emergency department (PED) sedation for orthopedic interventions.

The Development of the Military Service Identification Tool: Identifying Military Veterans in a Clinical Research Database Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning.

Background: Electronic health care records (EHRs) are a rich source of health-related information, with potential for secondary research use. In the United Kingdom, there is no national marker for identifying those who have previously served in the Armed Forces, making analysis of the health and well-being of veterans using EHRs difficult.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a tool to identify veterans from free-text clinical documents recorded in a psychiatric EHR database.

Benefits and Harms of Statins in People with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: More people with dementia also fall into the category of high vascular risk, for which a statin is usually prescribed. However, these recommendations are based on studies in people without dementia. We aimed to evaluate the evidence for the long-term effectiveness and harm of statin therapy in patients with dementia.

Pharmacoepidemiology research: delivering evidence about drug safety and effectiveness in mental health.

Research that provides an evidence base for the pharmacotherapy of people with mental disorders is needed. The abundance of digital data has facilitated pharmacoepidemiology and, in particular, observational research on the effectiveness of real-world medication. Advantages of pharmacoepidemiological research are the availability of large patient samples, and coverage of under-researched subpopulations in their naturalistic conditions.

Peritoneal dialysis catheter removal at the time of renal transplantation: Choosing the optimal candidate.

Introduction: Concurrent peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter removal during renal transplantation is controversial, with limited evidence supporting this practice. Our objective was to determine the rate of delayed graft function (DGF) in patients on preoperative PD. Additionally, we sought to identify which patients can safely have their PD catheter removed during transplantation due to a low risk of DGF.

Correction to: Cervical and breast cancer screening uptake among women with serious mental illness: a data linkage study.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors notified us of an error in the reported percentages in Table 3.

Relapse in the first three months postpartum in women with history of serious mental illness.

Background: Relapse of serious mental illness (psychotic and bipolar disorders; SMI) in the postpartum period is potentially devastating for mother and baby. There is limited evidence on whether medication in the perinatal period is protective against postpartum relapse for women with SMI particularly non-affective psychoses. We aimed to investigate risk factors for postpartum relapse, particularly the potential prophylactic effects of medication.

Association of Injury Energy Level and Neurovascular Injury Following Knee Dislocation.

Objective: To describe the associations between mechanism of injury energy level and neurovascular injury (NVI) following knee dislocation (KD) using a large representative sample of trauma patients and to examine risk factors within these groups.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Trauma centers participating in the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank.

Controls of Chloride Loading and Impairment at the River Network Scale in New England.

Chloride contamination of rivers due to nonpoint sources is increasing throughout developed temperate regions due to road salt application in winter. We developed a river-network model of chloride loading to watersheds to estimate road salt application rates and investigated the meteorological factors that control riverine impairment by chloride at concentrations above thresholds protective of aquatic organisms. Chloride loading from road salt was simulated in the Merrimack River watershed in New Hampshire, which has gradients in development density.

Predictors of severe relapse in pregnant women with psychotic or bipolar disorders.

Pregnancy in women with severe mental illness is associated with adverse outcomes for mother and infant. There are limited data on prevalence and predictors of relapse in pregnancy. A historical cohort study using anonymised comprehensive electronic health records from secondary mental health care linked with national maternity data was carried out.

Using data linkage to electronic patient records to assess the validity of selected mental health diagnoses in English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).

Background: Administrative data can be used to support research, such as in the UK Biobank. Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) are national data for England that include contain ICD-10 diagnoses for inpatient mental healthcare episodes, but the validity of these diagnoses for research purposes has not been assessed.

Methods: 250 peoples' HES records were selected based on a HES recorded inpatient stay at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, a wider schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar affective disorder or unipolar depression.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) consumption in the Ts65Dn model of Down syndrome fails to improve behavioral deficits and is detrimental to skeletal phenotypes.

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by three copies of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and results in phenotypes including intellectual disability and skeletal deficits. Ts65Dn mice have three copies of ~50% of the genes homologous to Hsa21 and display phenotypes associated with DS, including cognitive deficits and skeletal abnormalities. DYRK1A is found in three copies in humans with Trisomy 21 and in Ts65Dn mice, and is involved in a number of critical pathways including neurological development and osteoclastogenesis.

Associations Between Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Brain Structure and Function: Findings From the SABRE (Southall and Brent Revisited) Study.

Background: Subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction has been inconsistently associated with early cognitive impairment, and mechanistic pathways have been poorly considered. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between LV dysfunction and structural/functional measures of the brain and explored the role of potential mechanisms.

Method And Results: A total of 1338 individuals (69±6 years) from the Southall and Brent Revisited study underwent echocardiography for systolic (tissue Doppler imaging peak systolic wave) and diastolic (left atrial diameter) assessment.

Cervical and breast cancer screening uptake among women with serious mental illness: a data linkage study.

Background: Breast and cancer screening uptake has been found to be lower among women with serious mental illness (SMI). This study aims to corroborate these findings in the UK and to identify variation in screening uptake by illness/treatment factors, and primary care consultation frequency.

Methods: Linked population-based primary and secondary care data from the London borough of Lambeth (UK) were used to compare breast and cervical screening receipt among linked eligible SMI patients (n = 625 and n = 1393), to those without SMI known only to primary care (n = 106,554 and n = 25,385) using logistic regression models adjusted first for socio-demographic factors and second, additionally for primary care consultation frequency.

Change in Angular Alignment Is Associated With Early Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort.

Objective: Change in cervical angular alignment may be associated with dysphagia.

Summary Of Background Data: Bony deformities of the cervical spine may be associated with secondary contractures of soft tissues in the neck.

Cardiovascular disease treatment among patients with severe mental illness: a data linkage study between primary and secondary care.

Background: Suboptimal treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) may contribute to physical health disparities.

Aim: To identify SMI characteristics associated with meeting CVD treatment and prevention guidelines.

Design And Setting: Population-based electronic health record database linkage between primary care and the sole provider of secondary mental health care services in south east London, UK.

Approaching Bulk Carrier Dynamics in Organo-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystalline Films by Surface Passivation.

The electronic properties of organo-halide perovskite absorbers described in the literature have been closely associated with their morphologies and processing conditions. However, the underlying origins of this dependence remain unclear. A combination of inorganic synthesis, surface chemistry, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to show that charge recombination centers in organo-halide perovskites are almost exclusively localized on the surfaces of the crystals rather than in the bulk.

The Ethics of Sports Medicine Research.

This article explores the background and foundations of ethics in research. Some important documents and codes are mentioned, such as The Belmont Report and the International Conference of Harmonisation. Some influential historical events involving research ethics are recounted.

Unilateral Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma After Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Study Design: A case report and literature review is presented of a patient that developed acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) after undergoing spine surgery in the prone position.

Objectives: To report a case of AACG after undergoing spine surgery in the prone position and describe potential causes and implications for future care.

Summary Of Background Data: Visual loss is a devastating complication after spine surgery and is most often due to ischemic optic neuropathy.

Probing the electrostatics of active site microenvironments along the catalytic cycle for Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase.

Electrostatic interactions play an important role in enzyme catalysis by guiding ligand binding and facilitating chemical reactions. These electrostatic interactions are modulated by conformational changes occurring over the catalytic cycle. Herein, the changes in active site electrostatic microenvironments are examined for all enzyme complexes along the catalytic cycle of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (ecDHFR) by incorporation of thiocyanate probes at two site-specific locations in the active site.

A contemporary carbon balance for the Northeast region of the United States.

Development of regional policies to reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) would benefit from the quantification of the major components of the region's carbon balance--fossil fuel CO2 emissions and net fluxes between land ecosystems and the atmosphere. Through spatially detailed inventories of fossil fuel CO2 emissions and a terrestrial biogeochemistry model, we produce the first estimate of regional carbon balance for the Northeast United States between 2001 and 2005. Our analysis reveals that the region was a net carbon source of 259 Tg C/yr over this period.