A happy accident: a novel turfgrass reference genome.

Poa pratensis, commonly known as Kentucky bluegrass, is a popular cool-season grass species used as turf in lawns and recreation areas globally. Despite its substantial economic value, a reference genome had not previously been assembled due to the genome's relatively large size and biological complexity that includes apomixis, polyploidy, and interspecific hybridization. We report here a fortuitous de novo assembly and annotation of a P.

A 313 plastome phylogenomic analysis of Pooideae: Exploring relationships among the largest subfamily of grasses.

In this study, we analyzed 313 plastid genomes (plastomes) of Poaceae with a focus on expanding our current knowledge of relationships among the subfamily Pooideae, which represented over half the dataset (164 representatives). In total, 47 plastomes were sequenced and assembled for this study. This is the largest study of its kind to include plastome-level data, to not only increase sampling at both the taxonomic and molecular levels with the aim of resolving complex and reticulate relationships, but also to analyze the effects of alignment gaps in large-scale analyses, as well as explore divergences in the subfamily with an expanded set of 14 accepted grass fossils for more accurate calibrations and dating.

A phylogeny of species near supporting the recognition of two new genera, and (Poaceae, Pooideae, Agrostidinae) from Europe.

Based on a molecular DNA phylogeny of three plastid (, intron, and ) and nuclear ITS regions investigating 32 species of Agrostidinae, we describe two new genera, with a single species and with four species; provide support for five species in a monophyletic ; and include a small sample of 12 species of a monophyletic s.s. (including the type and most species of ), that separates into two clades corresponding to A.

New records and key to (Pooideae, Poaceae) from the Flora of Southern Africa region and notes on taxa including a diclinous breeding system in .

Four species of L. are newly reported for sub-Saharan Africa and southern Africa, L., Azn.

(Poaceae): A common new species in the complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked .

We present taxonomic notes on the complex from southern Africa that includes description and illustration of the new species from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism of South Africa and Lesotho. can be differentiated from s.l.

and (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from páramos of Boyacá, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species.

We present taxonomic notes, including updated species descriptions and images, for the nine species of and one species of found in páramos of Departamento Boyacá, Colombia (, , , , A. cf. imberbis, , s.

New combinations and updated descriptions in (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from the Neotropics and Mexico.

Based on morphological study and corroborated by unpublished molecular phylogenetic analyses, five grass species of high-mountain grasslands in Mexico, Central and South America, , , , , and , are transferred to and bring the number of species of this genus recognized in the New World to ten. The name is lectotypified and epitypified. We provide an updated genus description for , and updated species descriptions, images, and notes on the new combinations.

, a new species from México (Poaceae, Stipeae).

, is described and illustrated. The new species was found growing on calcareous rocky slopes and hillsides between 1700-2721 m in Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas. The new species is morphologically similar to but differs in having ligules (2-) 4.

A key to the North American genera of Stipeae (Poaceae, Pooideae) with descriptions and taxonomic names for species of , , , and five new genera: , ×, , , and .

Based on earlier molecular DNA studies we recognize 14 native Stipeae genera and one intergeneric hybrid in North America. We provide descriptions, new combinations, and 10 illustrations for species of , , , , , , , and × The following 40 new combinations are made: , , , , , , , , , , , , E.lemmoniissp.

Páramo s.l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in páramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia.

(syn. ), as traditionally circumscribed, is one of the most speciose genera from páramo grasslands of northwest South America and southern Central America and often dominates these high-elevation habitats. However, it remains difficult for researchers to accurately identify the species due to a lack of floristic treatments for most of the countries containing páramo, with the distribution of many species still very poorly known.

Phylogeny and taxonomic synopsis of PoasubgenusPseudopoa (including and ) (Poaceae, Poeae, Poinae).

is a small genus of annual grasses distributed from Egypt to western China. Phylogenetic analyses of plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA show that species, together with the monotypic genus and a single species of (), are nested within the genus , in a clade that we accept as Poasubg.Pseudopoa.

J. Presl (Poaceae): a modern summary of infraspecific taxonomy, chromosome numbers, related species and infrageneric placement based on DNA.

J. Presl. s.

, a new species from Ecuador (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Poinae).

, is described and illustrated. The new species was found growing on sandy, volcanic soil in - dominated grasslands southwest of Ambato and 2.2 km from Fecundo Vela in Provincia de Bolivar.

A 250 plastome phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae): topological support under different data partitions.

The systematics of grasses has advanced through applications of plastome phylogenomics, although studies have been largely limited to subfamilies or other subgroups of Poaceae. Here we present a plastome phylogenomic analysis of 250 complete plastomes (179 genera) sampled from 44 of the 52 tribes of Poaceae. Plastome sequences were determined from high throughput sequencing libraries and the assemblies represent over 28.

Molecular phylogenetics of cool-season grasses in the subtribes Agrostidinae, Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae, Brizinae, Calothecinae, Koeleriinae and Phalaridinae (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Poeae chloroplast group 1).

Circumscriptions of and relationships among many genera and suprageneric taxa of the diverse grass tribe Poeae remain controversial. In an attempt to clarify these, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2400 new DNA sequences from two nuclear ribosomal regions (ITS, including internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene, and the 3'-end of the external transcribed spacer (ETS)) and five plastid regions (, , , , ), and of more than 1000 new and previously published ITS sequences, focused particularly on Poeae chloroplast group 1 and including broad and increased species sampling compared to previous studies.

An updated checklist and key to the open-panicled species of Poa L. (Poaceae) in Peru including three new species, Poa ramoniana, Poa tayacajaensis, and Poa urubambensis.

We provide an updated checklist and key to the 30 Poa species with open panicles from Peru which includes previously circumscribed Dissanthelium and Aphanelytrum species, new taxon records, and three undescribed species. Poa compressa, Poa grisebachii, and Poa leioclada are recorded from Peru for the first time. A number of species are placed in synonymy: Poa carazensis, Poa ferreyrae and Poa tovarii are synonymized under the name Poa fibrifera; Poa adusta (tentatively) and Poa pilgeri are synonymized under Poa candamoana; Poa superata is synonymized under Poa grisebachii; and Poa paramoensis is synonymized under Poa huancavelicae.

A revision of Poa subsection Aphanelytrum (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poaeae, Poinae); and a new species, Poa auriculata.

In this study the peculiar Andean grass genus Aphanelytrum, with two species, is reduced to Poa subsect. Aphanelytrum comb. & stat.

Breeding system diversification and evolution in American Poa supersect. Homalopoa (Poaceae: Poeae: Poinae).

Background And Aims: Poa subgenus Poa supersect. Homalopoa has diversified extensively in the Americas. Over half of the species in the supersection are diclinous; most of these are from the New World, while a few are from South-East Asia.

Plastid phylogenomics of the cool-season grass subfamily: clarification of relationships among early-diverging tribes.

Whole plastid genomes are being sequenced rapidly from across the green plant tree of life, and phylogenetic analyses of these are increasing resolution and support for relationships that have varied among or been unresolved in earlier single- and multi-gene studies. Pooideae, the cool-season grass lineage, is the largest of the 12 grass subfamilies and includes important temperate cereals, turf grasses and forage species. Although numerous studies of the phylogeny of the subfamily have been undertaken, relationships among some 'early-diverging' tribes conflict among studies, and some relationships among subtribes of Poeae have not yet been resolved.

Miocene-Pliocene speciation, introgression, and migration of Patis and Ptilagrostis (Poaceae: Stipeae).

Genetic interchange between American and Eurasian species is fundamental to our understanding of the biogeographical patterns, and we make a first attempt to reconstruct the evolutionary events in East Asia that lead to the origin and dispersal of two genera, Patis and Ptilagrostis. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of 78 species in the tribe Stipeae using four plastid DNA sequences (ndhF, rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnK, and rps16 intron) and two nuclear DNA sequences (ITS and At103). We use single copy nDNA gene At103 for the first time in the grasses to elucidate the evolutionary history among members of the Stipeae.

Revision of Poa L. (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Poinae) in Mexico: new records, re-evaluation of P. ruprechtii, and two new species, P. palmeri and P. wendtii.

A revision and key to the 23 species and eight subspecies of Poa (including Dissanthelium) known to occur in Mexico is provided. All voucher specimens seen are cited for accepted taxa, except Poa annua for which one voucher per state is provided. Taxa not previously known from, or poorly understood in, Mexico are discussed.

Migration of endpoints of two genes relative to boundaries between regions of the plastid genome in the grass family (Poaceae).

Overlapping genes occur widely in microorganisms and in some plastid genomes, but unique properties are observed when such genes span the boundaries between single-copy and repeat regions. The termini of ndhH and ndhF, situated near opposite ends of the small single-copy region (SSC) in the plastid genomes of grasses (Poaceae), have migrated repeatedly into and out of the adjacent inverted-repeat regions (IR). The two genes are transcribed in the same direction, and the 5' terminus of ndhH extends into the IR in some species, while the 3' terminus of ndhF extends into the IR in others.