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Dental amalgams were first documented in China in the 7 century and appeared in Germany in the early 16 century. In the 1800s, amalgam became the dental restorative material of choice due to its low cost, ease of application, strength, and durability. Below are two vessels containing amalgam.

Effect of Instrument Design and Access Outlines on the Removal of Root Canal Obturation Materials in Oval-shaped Canals.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of TRUShape (TS) instruments with ProFile Vortex Blue (VB) instruments for the removal of obturation materials during retreatment of single-canal mandibular premolars performed through 2 access outlines.

Methods: Initial root canal treatment was completed through a contracted endodontic cavity (CEC) design. Canals were instrumented to an F2 ProTaper instrument, obturated with warm lateral condensation of gutta-percha with AH Plus sealer, and allowed to set for 30 days at 37°C and 100% humidity.