Immunotherapy throughout the decades: from Noon to now.

Objective: To review major milestones in the development of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in 20-year segments.

Data Sources: Review of the literature available in textbooks and journals.

Study Selection: Articles and books addressing major achievements in the development of subcutaneous allergy immunotherapy were selected for inclusion in this review.

A new solution-based intranasal triamcinolone acetonide formulation in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: how does the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile for cortisol suppression compare with an aqueous suspension-based formulation?

The present study was undertaken to describe the pharmacokinetics of a new solution-based intranasal triamcinolone acetonideformulation (Tri-Nasal) in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and to use a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) simulation approach to compare the potential effects on plasma cortisol with that of an aqueous suspension-based nasal triamcinolone acetonide formulation (Nasacort AQ). Data from an open-label, randomized, three-way crossover study in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis receiving three doses (100, 200, and 400 microg) of a nasal solution-based triamcinolone acetonide formulation (Tri-Nasal) over 7 days were used to describe the pharmacokinetics of this formulation. Available literature data for a suspension-based aqueous triamcinolone acetonide formulation (Nasacort AQ) were used to describe its pharmacokinetic profile after similar single doses of 110, 220, and 440 microg.