Characterization of Syphilitic Chorioretinitis as a White Dot Syndrome with Multimodal Imaging: Case Series.

: To investigate the role of multimodal imaging, including ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence (UWFAF), in diagnosing and monitoring syphilitic chorioretinitis, focusing on the detection of placoid appearance and white dots/spots. We aim to classify syphilitic chorioretinitis as a white dot syndrome, given evident features in the context of recent case reports and previously unavailable multimodal imaging. : This single-institution study was conducted as a consecutive, observational case series.

Exploratory Prospective Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate a Modified Botulinum Toxin Injection Pattern for Treatment of Benign Essential Blepharospasm.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore trends in duration of effect, effectiveness of spasm control, and complication rates, as well as assess feasibility between an established versus a modified pretarsal botulinum toxin (Botox) injection pattern for treatment of benign essential blepharospasm (BEB).

Methods: In this exploratory randomized controlled trial, patients diagnosed with BEB (excluding those with prior myectomy) were randomized to receive either an established or modified pretarsal Botox injection pattern on each side of the face. A total of 50 or 60 units of onabotulinumtoxinA (Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA) were administered.