Publications by authors named "Robert J Boyle"
Article Synopsis
- * Adrenaline is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis, with autoinjectors becoming standard care, but studies indicate that current autoinjectors may not significantly reduce fatal cases.
- * There are ongoing discussions about finding alternative methods to deliver a sustained adrenaline infusion reliably, as existing autoinjectors produce brief adrenaline spikes that may not be sufficient for effective treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a food allergy mostly affecting infants, characterized by severe vomiting and shock, and its diagnosis can be delayed due to unclear genetic markers.
- This study analyzed the genomes of 41 FPIES patients, identifying significant genetic variants linked to the syndrome, including genes that may influence immune response and gut health.
- The results enhance understanding of FPIES' genetic basis and could pave the way for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies in the future.
Article Synopsis
- Cow's milk allergy (CMA) overdiagnosis is rising, leading to an increase in prescriptions for low-allergy formulas in England, which grew from 6.1 to 23.3 liters per birth between 2007 and 2023.
- Prescription rates for these formulas varied widely by region, ranging from 0.8 to 47.6 liters per birth from 2017-2019, with significant correlations identified between low-allergy formula prescriptions and the use of certain medications like milk feed thickeners and anti-reflux medications in children.
- Regional socio-economic factors and standard CMA guidelines showed no significant association with the rates of low-allergy formula prescribing.
Article Synopsis
- Eczema is a major global skin condition that is often treated with topical anti-inflammatory treatments, but there is uncertainty about their effectiveness and safety.* -
- A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare various topical treatments based on data from 291 trials involving over 45,000 participants, primarily from high-income countries.* -
- The analysis found that potent topical steroids and tacrolimus 0.1% were among the most effective treatments; however, many trials exhibited high risk of bias, particularly concerning selective reporting.*
Educational and psychological interventions for managing atopic dermatitis (eczema).
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
August 2024
Background: Atopic dermatitis (eczema), can have a significant impact on well-being and quality of life for affected people and their families. Standard treatment is avoidance of triggers or irritants and regular application of emollients and topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors. Thorough physical and psychological assessment is central to good-quality treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTopical anti-inflammatory treatments for eczema: network meta-analysis.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- Eczema is a widespread skin condition with no current prevention or cure, and existing treatments aim to control symptoms without clear consensus on their effectiveness and safety.
- This study aims to compare and rank different topical anti-inflammatory treatments for eczema through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
- The analysis focuses on various outcomes, including symptom relief, safety, quality of life, and withdrawal rates, while excluding certain types of eczema and treatments not related to topical anti-inflammatories.
Article Synopsis
- Atopic eczema is a frequent skin condition in children that can decrease their quality of life and is associated with other allergic conditions like asthma and food allergies.
- The study aimed to see if applying daily emollients in the first year of life could prevent eczema and other related atopic diseases in infants at high risk.
- The trial involved over 1,300 newborns, with results showing a slight difference in eczema rates at age 2, suggesting emollient use may have a modest protective effect.
Background: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) overdiagnosis in young children appears to be increasing and has not been well characterised. We used a clinical trial population to characterise CMA overdiagnosis and identify individual-level and primary care practice-level risk factors.
Methods: We analysed data from 1394 children born in England in 2014-2016 (BEEP trial, ISRCTN21528841).
Introduction: Commercial milk formula manufacturers often emphasise their role in supporting infant and young child nutrition and breastfeeding, but their commercial goals to increase volume and profit margin of formula sales conflict with these declarations. Healthcare professional associations have an important role in healthcare worker education, shaping clinical practice. When healthcare professional associations enter into financial relationships with formula manufacturers, conflicts of interest arise, which may undermine education and practice that promotes optimal infant and young child feeding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: IgE-mediated food allergy (FA) is a global health concern with substantial individual and societal implications. While diverse intervention strategies have been researched, inconsistencies in reported outcomes limit evaluations of FA treatments. To streamline evaluations and promote consistent reporting, the Core Outcome Measures for Food Allergy (COMFA) initiative aimed to establish a Core Outcome Set (COS) for FA clinical trials and observational studies of interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study explores whether reducing the frequency of bathing infants in the first six months can help prevent eczema, proposing the need for a well-designed intervention to support parents in this approach.* -
- It involved interviews with families to identify challenges and motivators, which were then integrated into effective behavior change strategies and materials through collaboration with experts and families.* -
- Key findings highlighted that social influences, emotional rewards, and family support can encourage adherence to the intervention, while hygiene concerns and fear of judgment may hinder participation.*
Article Synopsis
- Breastfeeding has benefits for both mothers and babies, and this study looks at how it might affect mental health for both.
- The researchers gathered and examined 21 studies about breastfeeding and mental health, focusing mainly on kids but also considering moms.
- They found mixed results—some studies suggested breastfeeding could help with depression and anxiety, but overall, the evidence isn't very strong or clear.
Background: Recent discoveries have led to the suggestion that enhancing skin barrier from birth might prevent eczema and food allergy.
Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of daily all-over-body application of emollient during the first year of life for preventing atopic eczema in high-risk children at 2 years from a health service perspective. We also considered a 5-year time horizon as a sensitivity analysis.
Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease. Oral steroids are the standard treatment. We have updated this review, which was first published in 2002, because several new treatments have since been tried.
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