Association Between Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease Among Asian Americans.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence varies widely among Asian American adults. The American Heart Association added healthy sleep to its metrics to define ideal cardiovascular health. Little is known about the association between sleep and CVD prevalence among Asian subgroups.

Serum Gastrin Levels Are Associated With Prevalent Neuroendocrine Tumors in Autoimmune Metaplastic Atrophic Gastritis.

Introduction: Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is a precancerous condition that predisposes to gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs). There exist no methods to stratify patients with AMAG for gNET risk.

Methods: We identified a cohort of patients with AMAG within a university health system using histopathologic and serologic criteria.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Universal Adult Screening for Chronic Hepatitis B in Primary Care Clinics.

Introduction: Two thirds of Americans infected with chronic hepatitis B are unaware of their infection. In March 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended moving from risk-based to universal adult chronic hepatitis B screening. In April 2022, Stanford implemented chronic hepatitis B universal screening discussion alerts for primary care providers.

Global Progression Rates of Precursor Lesions for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background & Aims: Whether gastric cancer (GC) precursor lesions progress to invasive cancer at similar rates globally remains unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the progression of precursor lesions to GC in countries with low versus medium/high incidence.

Methods: We searched relevant databases for studies reporting the progression of endoscopically confirmed precursor lesions to GC.

Nasopharyngeal cancer mortality in disaggregated Asian and non-Asian Americans.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) mortality varies based on multiple risk factors. While NPC mortality is higher in Asia, little is known about Asian subgroups in the United States (US).

Methods: Using the 2005-2020 National Vital Statistics System, we examined NPC mortality by age, race (non-Hispanic black, Hispanic white (HW), non-Hispanic white (NHW), Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese), sex, and nativity (Untied States or foreign-born).

Leading causes of death in Vietnamese Americans: An ecological study based on national death records from 2005-2020.

Background: Disaggregated data is a cornerstone of precision health. Vietnamese Americans (VietAms) are the fourth-largest Asian subgroup in the United States (US), and demonstrate a unique burden of disease and mortality. However, most prior studies have aggregated VietAms under the broader Asian American category for analytic purposes.

Consensus-based ethical best practices for performing educational point-of-care ultrasonography in the emergency department.

Objectives: There is no standardized protocol for performing educational point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) that addresses patient-centered ethical issues such as obtaining informed consent. This study sought to define principles for ethical application of educational POCUS and develop consensus-based best practice guidance.

Methods: A questionnaire was developed by a trained ethicist after literature review with the help of a medical librarian.

Variability in Interpretation of Echocardiographic Signs of Tamponade: A Survey of Emergency Physician Sonographers.

Background: Cardiac tamponade is associated with high mortality, and making the diagnosis is a core skill of emergency physicians. Proper diagnosis relies on specific clinical and echocardiographic findings. It is not known whether expert sonographers consistently recognize echocardiographic signs of tamponade.

A Brief Overview of Emerging Vaccine Technologies for Pandemic Preparedness.

Over the past two decades, pandemic preparedness has proven to be critical to health, national, and economic security. Now, countries are investing billions of dollars in various pandemic preparedness tools, such as vaccines and broad-spectrum medical countermeasures (MCM), to address the threats arising from outbreaks. These tools not only offer protection against naturally occurring and accidental biological incidents but can also help provide some protection against deliberate biological attacks.

Risk of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in a Multiethnic Population Undergoing Routine Care: An Electronic Health Records Cohort Study.

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages and portends a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that electronic health records (EHR) could be leveraged to identify individuals at highest risk for GAC from the population seeking routine care.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, with endpoint of GAC incidence as ascertained through linkage to an institutional tumor registry.

The association between local area immigrant fraction and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the United States: an observational study.

Background: Local area immigrant fraction is strongly and positively correlated with local life expectancy in the United States. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between local area immigrant fraction and local prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.

Methods: Cross-sectional study design, with ZIP code as the unit of observation.

A spatially mapped gene expression signature for intestinal stem-like cells identifies high-risk precursors of gastric cancer.

Objective: Gastric intestinal metaplasia () is a precancerous lesion that increases gastric cancer () risk. The Operative Link on GIM () is a combined clinical-histopathologic system to risk-stratify patients with GIM. The identification of molecular biomarkers that are indicators for advanced OLGIM lesions may improve cancer prevention efforts.

Software Application Profile: dynamicLM-a tool for performing dynamic risk prediction using a landmark supermodel for survival data under competing risks.

Motivation: Providing a dynamic assessment of prognosis is essential for improved personalized medicine. The landmark model for survival data provides a potentially powerful solution to the dynamic prediction of disease progression. However, a general framework and a flexible implementation of the model that incorporates various outcomes, such as competing events, have been lacking.

Cultural Humility Curriculum to Address Healthcare Disparities for Emergency Medicine Residents.

Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) residency programs have variable approaches to educating residents on recognizing and managing healthcare disparities. We hypothesized that our curriculum with resident-presented lectures would increase residents' sense of cultural humility and ability to identify vulnerable populations.

Methods: At a single-site, four-year EM residency program with 16 residents per year, we designed a curriculum intervention from 2019-2021 where all second-year residents selected one healthcare disparity topic and gave a 15-minute presentation overviewing the disparity, describing local resources, and facilitating a group discussion.

Controlling Gastric Cancer in a World of Heterogeneous Risk.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of global mortality but also a cancer whose footprint is highly unequal. This review aims to define global disease epidemiology, critically appraise strategies of prevention and disease attenuation, and assess how these strategies could be applied to improve outcomes from GC in a world of variable risk and disease burden. Strategies of primary prevention focus on improving the detection and eradication of the main environmental risk factor, Helicobacter pylori.

Low rates of structured advance care planning documentation in electronic health records: results of a single-center observational study.

Background: Proper advance care planning (ACP) documentation both improves patient care and is increasingly seen as a marker of high quality by governmental payers. The transition of most medical documentation to electronic health records (EHR) allows for ACP documents to be rapidly disseminated across diverse ambulatory practice settings. At the same time, the complexity and heterogeneity of the EHR, as well as the multiple potential storage locations for documentation, may lead to confusion and inaccessibility.

Leading causes of death in Asian Indians in the United States (2005-2017).

Objective: Asian Indians are among the fastest growing United States (US) ethnic subgroups. We characterized mortality trends for leading causes of death among foreign-born and US-born Asian Indians in the US between 2005-2017.

Study Design And Setting: Using US standardized death certificate data, we examined leading causes of death in 73,470 Asian Indians and 20,496,189 non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) across age, gender, and nativity.

Catching Up with the World: Pepsinogen Screening for Gastric Cancer in the United States.

Gastric cancer remains a deadly cancer with poor outcomes in the United States. There is a need for screening strategies for gastric cancer in the U.S.

The Gastric Cancer Registry: A Genomic Translational Resource for Multidisciplinary Research in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Developing information systems which integrate clinical and genomic data may accelerate discoveries to improve cancer prevention, detection, and treatment. To support translational research in gastric cancer, we developed the Gastric Cancer Registry (GCR), a North American repository of clinical and cancer genomics data.