Comorbid cerebral amyloid angiopathy in dementia and prodromal stages-Prevalence and effects on cognition.

Objectives: To determine the contribution of cerebral amyloid angiopathy to cognitive impairment in MCI and dementia.

Methods: Patients with subjective memory impairment (SMI), amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment ((n)aMCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), mixed and vascular dementia (MD/VD) from our memory clinic were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients underwent neuropsychological testing and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

[Coincidence of normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer`s disease: therapeutic implications and open questions].

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is prevalent in aging patient populations. Despite its clinical relevance, many patients with NPH may not receive adequate treatment. Because of the frequency of Alzheimer`s disease in these patients, there could be overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms that are as yet incompletely understood.

Pharmacologic treatment of depression in Alzheimer's disease.

Major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease are common among older people, frequently co-occur and severely impact the quality of life. Unfortunately, data on the efficacy of pharmacologic treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with the neurodegenerative disease remain inconclusive. The heterogeneity of treatment study designs, from varying diagnostic specificity to diverse outcome measures, contributes to conflicting evidence across single trials and meta-analyses.

[Chronobiological interventions for prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients].

Circadian body and behavior rhythms serve to coordinate and maintain the physiological processes in the human body. A disruption of these rhythms frequently occurs in intensive care patients and can be the cause for the development of delirium. This review article discusses the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and develops a chronobiologically oriented prevention and treatment approach for delirium in the context of intensive care medicine.

Training with Odors Impacts Hippocampal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: The olfactory system is affected early in Alzheimer's disease and olfactory loss can already be observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Olfactory training is effective for improving olfactory and cognitive function by stimulating the olfactory pathway, but its effect on patients with MCI remains unclear.

Objective: The aim of this randomized, prospective, controlled, blinded study was to assess whether a 4-month period of olfactory training (frequent short-term sniffing various odors) may have an effect on olfactory function, cognitive function, and morphology of medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions and olfactory bulb in MCI patients.

Predictors of subjective cognitive deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Detailed examination of cognitive deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) yields substantial diagnostic and prognostic value, specifically with respect to memory. Magnitude and characteristics of subjective cognitive deficits, however, often receive less attention in this population at risk for developing dementia.

Methods: We investigated predictors of subjective cognitive deficits in patients with MCI, using a detailed assessment for such impairments associated with different cognitive domains, as well as demographic and clinical variables including magnetic resonance imaging data.

The Effect of Olfactory Training on Olfaction, Cognition, and Brain Function in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: The olfactory system is affected very early in Alzheimer's disease and olfactory loss can already be observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an early stage of AD.

Objective: The aim of this randomized, prospective, controlled, blinded study was to evaluate whether olfactory training (OT) may have an effect on olfactory function, cognitive impairment, and brain activation in MCI patients after a 4-month period of frequent short-term exposure to various odors.

Methods: A total of 38 MCI outpatients were randomly assigned to OT or a control training condition, which were performed twice a day for 4 months.

Lithium: A therapeutic option in Alzheimer's disease and its prodromal stages?

Experimental data reveal that lithium is capable of attenuating Alzheimer's disease pathology and stimulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Clinical studies show procognitive effects in lithium-treated patients with amnestic MCI and Alzheimer's disease. These procognitive effects are associated with changes of CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

[Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for people with schizophrenia, dementia and substance use disorders].

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses unexpected challenges to social and healthcare systems worldwide. The direct and indirect medical consequences of infection with the novel coronavirus bring healthcare systems to their limits of their capabilities in many places. The neurotropic effects of COVID-19 can result not only in neurological but also in acute and long-term psychological sequelae.

Relation of retinal and hippocampal thickness in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls.

Objective: Investigating retinal thickness may complement existing biological markers for dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. Although retinal thinning is predictive for cognitive decline, it remains to be investigated if and how this feature aligns with neurodegeneration elsewhere in the brain, specifically in early disease stages.

Methods: Using optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, we examined retinal thickness as well as hippocampal structure in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls.

Case of Severe Acute-on-Chronic Lithium Intoxication with 8.6 mmol/l and Prompt Hemodialysis.

Lithium has been the gold standard in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder for more than 40 years 1. Due to a narrow therapeutic index lithium intoxication still is a common but potentially avoidable clinical problem 2. The possibility of SILENT-syndrome (syndrome of irreversible lithium-effectuated neurotoxicity) illustrates that prevention and optimal treatment of lithium intoxication is vitally important 3.

Impact of cognitive reserve on clinical and neuropsychological measures in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: Cognitive reserve influences age of onset, speed of progression, and clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. We investigated whether cognitive reserve interacts with clinical and neuropsychological parameters in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 273 people (70.

[Folic acid and vitamin B12 determination in the assessment of cognitive disorders : Overview and data analysis from a university outpatient memory clinic].

Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies are particularly frequent conditions in older people. Since these metabolic disorders represent relevant dyscognitive factors, the assessment of vitamin B12 and folic acid levels is essential in the diagnostic approach of cognitive disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia in an outpatient memory clinic. This article summarizes the relevant diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and their effects on cognition.

[Analysis of risk factors, etiology and treatment standard of lithium poisoning].

Despite unlimited access to therapeutic drug monitoring lithium poisoning is still a common and potentially life-threatening but in most cases preventable complication of lithium treatment; however, it is still considered to be the gold standard in the treatment of affective disorders. The necessity of drug monitoring and potential lithium toxicity substantiate the skepticism of many therapists with respect to this often very effective treatment. This therefore limits the use of lithium although the unique therapeutic effects and high efficiency are well known.

Risk factors for dementia are not associated with cognitive dysfunction in young people with major depressive disorder.

Background: Hippocampal thinning and carrying the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) are associated with reduced cognitive performance in older people. Although cognitive impairment is also frequent during and after depressive episodes, it may occur irrespective of age, which makes it difficult to determine, whether this symptom indicates a risk for or shared mechanisms with neurodegeneration. We therefore investigated the influence of genetic and brain imaging risk factors for dementia on cognitive impairment in young people with major depressive disorder.

Health care risk managers' consensus on the management of inappropriate behaviors among hospital staff.

Medical errors are the third-leading cause of death in the United States. One of the problems is timely recognition and management of inappropriate health care worker behaviors that lead to intimidation and loss of staff focus, eventually leading to errors. The purpose of this qualitative modified Delphi study was to seek consensus among a panel of experts in hospital risk management practices on the practical methods for early detection of inappropriate behaviors among hospital staff, which may be used by hospital managers to considerably mitigate the risk of medical mishaps.

Cognitive impairment and medial temporal lobe structure in young adults with a depressive episode.

Background: Cognitive deficits are common in patients with a depressive episode although the predictors for their development and severity remain elusive. We investigated whether subjective and objective cognitive impairment in young depressed adults would be associated with cortical thinning in medial temporal subregions.

Methods: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, cortical unfolding data analysis, and comprehensive assessments of subjective and objective cognitive abilities were performed on 27 young patients with a depressive episode (mean age: 29.

Family History of Alzheimer's Disease and Subjective Memory Performance.

People with a first-degree family history of Alzheimer's disease are at an increased risk of developing dementia. Subjective memory impairment among individuals with no measurable cognitive deficits may also indicate elevated dementia risk. It remains unclear whether nondemented people with a positive family history of Alzheimer's disease are more likely to experience cognitive deficits and whether such an association reflects underlying neuropathology.