Visual search performance with 3-D auditory cues: effects of motion, target location, and practice.

Objectives: We evaluate visual search performance in both static (nonmoving) and dynamic (moving) search environments with and without spatial (3-D) auditory cues to target location. Additionally, the effects of target trajectory, target location, and practice are assessed.

Background: Previous research on aurally aided visual search has shown a significant reduction in response times when 3-D auditory cues are displayed, relative to unaided search.

An evaluation of models for diotic and dichotic detection in reproducible noises.

Several psychophysical models for masked detection were evaluated using reproducible noises. The data were hit and false-alarm rates from three psychophysical studies of detection of 500-Hz tones in reproducible noise under diotic (N0S0) and dichotic (N0Spi) conditions with four stimulus bandwidths (50, 100, 115, and 2900 Hz). Diotic data were best predicted by an energy-based multiple-detector model that linearly combined stimulus energies at the outputs of several critical-band filters.

Diotic and dichotic detection with reproducible chimeric stimuli.

Subject responses were measured for individual narrow-band reproducible stimuli in a low-frequency tone-in-noise detection task. Both N0S0 and N0Spi conditions were examined. The goal of the experiment was to determine the relative importance of envelope and fine-structure cues.

Detection of tones in reproducible noise maskers by rabbits and comparison to detection by humans.

Processing mechanisms used for detection of tones in noise can be revealed by using reproducible noise maskers and analyzing the pattern of results across masker waveforms. This study reports detection of a 500-Hz tone in broadband reproducible noise by rabbits using a set of masker waveforms for which human results are available. An appetitive-reinforcement, operant-conditioning procedure with bias control was used.

Binaural detection with narrowband and wideband reproducible noise maskers. III. Monaural and diotic detection and model results.

A single-interval, yes-no, tone-in-noise detection experiment was conducted to measure the proportion of "tone present" responses to each of 25 reproducible noise-alone and tone-plus-noise waveforms under narrowband (100 Hz), wideband (2900 Hz), monotic, and diotic stimulus conditions. Proportions of "tone present" responses (estimates of the probabilities of hits and false alarms) were correlated across masker bandwidths and across monotic and diotic conditions. Two categories of models were considered; one based on stimulus energy or neural counts, and another based on temporal structure of the stimulus envelope or neural patterns.

Binaural detection with narrowband and wideband reproducible noise maskers: I. Results for human.

This study investigated binaural detection of tonal targets (500 Hz) using sets of individual masker waveforms with two different bandwidths. Previous studies of binaural detection with wideband noise maskers show that responses to individual noise waveforms are correlated between diotic (N0S0) and dichotic (N0S(pi)) conditions [Gilkey et al., J.