Factors affecting internal rotation following total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) was developed in the late twentieth century to provide a stable arthroplasty option for patients with rotator cuff deficiency arthropathy. Since its inception, there have been changes in materials, design, and positioning. One of the persistent clinical issues has been difficulty with internal rotation (IR) and the associated difficulty with behind the back activities.

Glenohumeral Cartilage Thickness: Implications in Prosthetic Design and Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation.

Objective: A complete understanding of the glenohumeral joint anatomy is crucial for osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation and prosthetic design. However, existing data on the cartilage thickness distribution are not consistent. This study aims to describe the cartilage thickness distribution at both the glenoid cavity and humeral head in males and females.

Hand and Upper Extremity Surgical Site Infection Rates Associated With Perioperative Corticosteroid Injection: A Review of the Literature.

Background: Corticosteroid injection (CSI) has a relatively high benefit-to-risk ratio and is commonly administered to treat musculoskeletal conditions. However, perioperative CSI has been associated with an increased risk of postoperative infection. The literature suggests delaying surgery after CSI to minimize the risk of postoperative infection.

Clean Shot: Bacterial Contamination After Positive Pressure Irrigation of Low-Velocity Gunshot Wounds.

Objective: Low-velocity gunshot wounds (LV-GSWs) are a common reason for emergency department visits. Optimal nonsurgical treatment has not been thoroughly studied and is not standardized. The goal of this study was to determine whether positive pressure irrigation reduces the bacterial contamination after a simulated GSW to soft tissue.

Histologic Evaluation of the Triceps Brachii Tendon Insertion: Implications for Triceps-Sparing Surgery.

Purpose: Triceps detachment and olecranon osteotomy are 2 techniques used to enhance exposure in elbow surgery. Both the techniques can potentially add considerable morbidity and lengthen the recovery after surgery. Triceps-sparing surgery can potentially mitigate those issues.

Electrophysiological Findings in Common Median-Ulnar Nerve Interconnections and Their Clinical Implications.

Median and ulnar nerve interconnections commonly occur in the brachial plexus, forearm, and hand. Each is classified based on location, fiber type (sensory fibers, motor fibers, or both), and directionality (ie, carrying fibers from median to ulnar or vice versa). There are 4 main interconnections found in the forearm and hand: Martin-Gruber and Marinacci anastomoses in the forearm and Riche-Cannieu and Berrettini anastomoses in the hand.

Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures: An Epidemiological Analysis Using a Large Population Database.

Background: The incidence of distal biceps tendon ruptures was studied more than 10 years ago in a small patient cohort. Recent diagnostic advancements have improved the ability to detect this rare injury.

Hypothesis: The incidence of distal biceps tendon ruptures will be significantly greater than previously reported.

The incidence and demographics of shoulder repair in Wisconsin, 2002-2010.

Importance: Recent evidence has demonstrated a profound increase in the incidence of shoulder surgery. Superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) repair is a common procedure that has been noted in other studies to be increasing.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the incidence and demographics of a single shoulder surgery code in the state of Wisconsin in order to evaluate whether it is being performed in increasing numbers relative to population.

The use of BMP-2 and screw exchange in the treatment of scaphoid fracture non-union.

Scaphoid non-union, particularly following internal fixation, is a vexing problem. A retrospective review was conducted analysing the outcome of 4 patients who failed initial open reduction and internal fixation of scaphoid fractures. Three fractures were located in the waist and the fourth in the proximal pole.

Magnetic resonance imaging study of glenohumeral relationships between genders.

Background: During glenohumeral arthroplasty, not only should the dimensions of the prosthesis match the normal anatomy but also the relationship of the humeral head-greater tuberosity and humeral head inclination should be replicated to avoid muscular dysfunction. To date there is no evidence whether fit could be optimized with gender-specific prostheses.

Materials And Methods: Magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography imaging was used to evaluate 81 proximal humeral scans for 5 different anatomic parameters.

Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnant women.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a frequent complication of pregnancy, with a prevalence reported as high as 62%. The most typical symptoms are numbness and tingling in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and radial half of the ring finger. Other common manifestations include burning dysesthetic wrist pain, as well as the loss of grip strength and dexterity.

Ultrasound imaging of normal displacement of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon within the ulnar groove in 12 forearm-wrist positions.

Objective: Instability of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon can be a difficult clinical diagnosis because of normal changes in tendon position during wrist motion. Our goal was to determine the normal variation of ECU tendon displacement in 12 forearm-wrist positions.

Subjects And Methods: Ultrasound imaging of the ECU tendons of 40 symptom-free wrists of healthy volunteers (13 women, seven men; mean age, 22.

Coronoid fractures of the elbow.

Coronoid fractures of the ulna are relatively uncommon, yet critical injuries to recognize. They often occur in association with elbow dislocations and play an important role in elbow instability. Historic recommendations are to fix all large coronoid fracture fragments, as well as small fracture fragments associated with instability.

Elevation in compartment pressure following hypovolemic shock and fluid resuscitation: a canine model.

We induced hemorrhagic shock in seven dogs and then resuscitated them with intravenous (IV) lactated ringers. We then monitored anterior leg compartment pressures via a slit catheter during both bleeding and reperfusion. These values were compared with controls that received IV fluids without being bled.

Ulnar coronoid process anatomy: possible implications for elbow instability.

Ulnar coronoid process fractures are relatively uncommon injuries usually occurring with elbow dislocations and contributing to elbow instability. Recent evidence suggests coronoid tip fractures have a role in the instability. We sought to quantify the capsular and brachialis attachments of the ulnar coronoid process to better understand why instability occurs.