Arthroscopic Evaluation of the Subtalar Joint: A Review and Survey of Pathology.

Background: A survey of pathology present in the subtalar joint by means of subtalar arthroscopy with anterolateral and middle portals has not been extensively explored in the literature. The focus of this study was to identify pathology in the subtalar joint with subtalar joint arthroscopy using this approach. We also compared these arthroscopic findings with those reported in the literature.

Serum vitamin D and diabetic foot complications.

: Foot complications such as ulceration and neuropathy are common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous reports have demonstrated a possible increased risk of these complications in diabetic patients with low levels of serum vitamin D.: The purpose of this study is to compare serum vitamin D levels in diabetic patients with and without Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), infection (DFI), ulceration (DFU), and peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Isolated Gastrocnemius Recession for Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Many surgeries exist for treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Another surgical option to consider is an isolated gastrocnemius recession. Recent studies have demonstrated the success of a gastrocnemius recession for noninsertional Achilles tendinitis.

Lawn mower injuries to the lower extremity: a 10-year retrospective review.

Introduction: Lawn mower injuries occur frequently in the United States and oftentimes result in extensive trauma to the lower extremities. These injuries can be quite devastating and cause there to be loss of function and amputation. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are specific factors that would help determine the best treatment protocol, patient outcomes, and prognosis after lawn mower injury to the foot and ankle.

Intermediate and long-term outcomes of the suture bridge technique for the management of insertional achilles tendinopathy.

Introduction: Insertional Achilles tendinopathy is a problem frequently encountered by the foot and ankle surgeon. Conservative care yields mixed results, and this condition is often treated surgically. Our hypothesis is that the suture bridge technique through a central posterior incision allows adequate visualization for thorough debridement and exostectomy and provides a stable tendon-to-bone interface for healing.

Gastrocnemius recession or tendo-achilles lengthening for equinus deformity in the diabetic foot?

Contracture of the Achilles-gastrocnemius-soleus complex leading to ankle equinus has been linked to the development of various foot disorders. Decrease in ankle dorsiflexion results in an increase in plantar pressures and in diabetes and neuropathy, increased pressures can lead to ulceration and possibly the formation of Charcot foot. Surgical management of the equinus deformity corrects this abnormality and has the potential to avert the development of Charcot foot or ankle.

Peripheral and central bone mineral density in Charcot's neuroarthropathy compared in diabetic and nondiabetic populations.

Background: This prospective study was performed to compare calcaneal and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus. We compared bone density with the time from onset of Charcot's neuroarthropathy (CN) in patients with unilateral, nonoperative, reconstructive-stage CN. The final purpose was to investigate the role that sex, age, and serum vitamin D level may have in osseous recovery.

Bilateral osteonecrosis of the navicular and medial cuneiform in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

Introduction: Atraumatic avascular necrosis (AVN) is an unusual pathology to the foot. Risk factors include the use of corticosteroids, smoking, alcohol, rheumatologic disorders, hematologic disorders, and metabolic disorders. To the authors' knowledge, this study presents the first case of bilateral atraumatic AVN to the navicular and medial cuneiform in a patient with systemic lupus erythamatosus (SLE).

Double row anchor fixation: a novel technique for a diabetic calanceal insufficiency avulsion fracture.

Avulsion fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity represent only 1.3% to 2.7% of calcaneal fractures.

Internal fixation: a historical review.

Internal fixation has become a pillar of surgical specialties, yet the evolution of these devices has been relatively short. The first known description of medical management of a fracture was found in the Edwin Smith Papyrus of Ancient Egypt (circa 2600 bc). The first description of internal fixation in the medical literature was in the 18th century.

Wound complications with posterior midline and posterior medial leg incisions: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: There is no consensus on the optimal incisional approach at the posterior leg to avoid wound healing complications. The purpose of this systematic review is to report and compare complication rates associated with two common incisions used to approach the Achilles tendon in order to provide additional recommendations for optimal incision placement.

Materials And Methods: Four electronic databases were searched using keywords for procedures using posterior leg incisions.

Technical guide: transfibular ankle arthrodesis with fibular-onlay strut graft.

A wide range of techniques have been described for ankle arthrodesis, and although all of these have been shown to provide stability, few have been shown to achieve a solid construct in patients at risk of nonunion. In this technical guide, we describe a modified transfibular approach to ankle arthrodesis that uses a fibular-onlay strut graft for use in patients at high risk for nonunion. In our experience, the technique has been effective and reliable.

Smoking cessation: the role of the foot and ankle surgeon.

Tobacco cigarette smoking causes many negative effects on the body, and it is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. These negative effects are a concern for the foot and ankle surgeon, as smoking can increase the risk of diabetes and peripheral artery disease and delay healing of surgical incisions and ulcerations of the lower extremities. Tobacco cigarette smoking can also increase the risk of avascular necrosis and delayed union and nonunions of fractures and osteotomies.

Gastrocnemius recession as an alternative to tendoAchillis lengthening for relief of forefoot pressure in a patient with peripheral neuropathy: a case report and description of a technical modification.

The gastrocnemius recession is a popular surgical procedure for the treatment of equinus contracture. Lengthening the gastrocnemius tendon has been show to be an effective means of reducing pressure to the plantar forefoot by weakening the triceps surae complex. The more traditional method of weakening the triceps surae is a modification of Hoke's triple hemisection through the tendoAchillis.

A comparison of vitamin D levels in nondiabetic and diabetic patient populations.

Background: This study was designed to compare the vitamin D levels in a cohort of nondiabetic patients to populations of diabetic patients with and without Charcot neuroarthropathy.

Methods: A total of 41 participants (22 male, 19 female) with a mean +/- SD age of 59 +/- 9.43 years had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels tested.