Transient Absorption Microscopy Maps Spatial Heterogeneity and Distinct Chemical Environments in Photocatalytic Carbon Nitride Particles.

Limitations in solar energy conversion by photocatalysis typically stem from poor underlying charge carrier properties. Transient Absorption (TA) reveals insights on key photocatalytic properties such as charge carrier lifetimes and trapping. However, on the microsecond timescale, these measurements use relatively large probe sizes ranging in millimetres to centimetres which averages the effect of spatial heterogeneity at smaller length scales.

Surface properties of carbon nitride materials used in photocatalytic systems for energy and environmental applications.

The use of photocatalytic systems involving semiconductor materials for environmental and energy applications, such as water remediation and clean energy production, is highly significant. In line with this, a family of carbon-based polymeric materials known as carbon nitride (CN) has emerged as a promising candidate for this purpose. Despite CN's remarkable characteristics of performance, stability, and visible light responsiveness, its chemical inertness and poor surface properties hinder interfacial interactions, which are key to effective catalysis.

Phase I/II Study of the WEE1 Inhibitor Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Combination with Carboplatin in Children with Advanced Malignancies: Arm C of the AcSé-ESMART Trial.

Purpose: AcSé-ESMART Arm C aimed to define the recommended dose and activity of the WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib in combination with carboplatin in children and young adults with molecularly enriched recurrent/refractory malignancies.

Patients And Methods: Adavosertib was administered orally, twice every day on Days 1 to 3 and carboplatin intravenously on Day 1 of a 21-day cycle, starting at 100 mg/m2/dose and AUC 5, respectively. Patients were enriched for molecular alterations in cell cycle and/or homologous recombination (HR).

Aminosilanized Interface Promotes Electrochemically Stable Carbon Nitride Films with Fewer Trap States on FTO for (Photo)electrochemical Systems.

We have demonstrated the direct growth of a CN layer on a plasma-cleaned and aminosilanized F-doped SnO (FTO) electrode to study the CN|FTO interface that is critical for (photo)electrocatalytic systems. The (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was chosen as a bifunctional organosilane, with the amino end incorporating into CN and the silane end connecting to the hydroxylated FTO surface. Plasma cleaning and aminosilanization resulted in a highly hydrophilic surface, which leads to better contact of melted thiourea to the aminosilanized FTO (p-FTO) during CN polymer condensation, thus generating a thinner and more compact CN layer.

Reducing Antibiotic Use in a Level III and Two Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Units Targeting Prescribing Practices for Both Early and Late-onset Sepsis: A Quality Improvement Project.

Introduction: Variation in antibiotic (ATB) use exists between neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) without demonstrated benefit to outcomes tested. Studies show that early-onset sepsis occurs in up to 2% of NICU patients, yet antibiotics (ABX) were started in over 50% of neonates admitted to our NICUs. An internal audit identified variations in prescribing practices and excessive use of ABX.

Polymer Photoelectrodes for Solar Fuel Production: Progress and Challenges.

Converting solar energy to fuels has attracted substantial interest over the past decades because it has the potential to sustainably meet the increasing global energy demand. However, achieving this potential requires significant technological advances. Polymer photoelectrodes are composed of earth-abundant elements, e.

Dynamics of photoconversion processes: the energetic cost of lifetime gain in photosynthetic and photovoltaic systems.

The continued development of solar energy conversion technologies relies on an improved understanding of their limitations. In this review, we focus on a comparison of the charge carrier dynamics underlying the function of photovoltaic devices with those of both natural and artificial photosynthetic systems. The solar energy conversion efficiency is determined by the product of the rate of generation of high energy species (charges for solar cells, chemical fuels for photosynthesis) and the energy contained in these species.

Efficient Hole Trapping in Carbon Dot/Oxygen-Modified Carbon Nitride Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Enhanced Methanol Production from CO under Neutral Conditions.

Artificial photosynthesis of alcohols from CO is still unsatisfactory owing to the rapid charge relaxation compared to the sluggish photoreactions and the oxidation of alcohol products. Here, we demonstrate that CO is reduced to methanol with 100 % selectivity using water as the only electron donor on a carbon nitride-like polymer (FAT) decorated with carbon dots. The quantum efficiency of 5.

Oral Versus Intravenous Medications for Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates: A Cost-Saving Initiative.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to quantify cost savings after promoting oral pharmacotherapy for the treatment of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA).

Methods: This was a retrospective before-and-after time series quality improvement study. Oral ibuprofen and acetaminophen use criteria were developed and recommended, rather than the more costly intravenous equivalents.

Experimental determination of charge carrier dynamics in carbon nitride heterojunctions.

Carbon nitride (CN) is an emerging photocatalyst with the potential to efficiently produce solar fuels. CN heterojunctions often show significant photocatalytic activity improvements. We review the charge carrier dynamics in a range of CN heterojunctions including carbon-based material, black phosphorus, Ru complexes, molybdenum sulphide and metal phosphides.

Linking in situ charge accumulation to electronic structure in doped SrTiO reveals design principles for hydrogen-evolving photocatalysts.

Recently, high solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies were demonstrated using La and Rh co-doped SrTiO (La,Rh:SrTiO) incorporated into a low-cost and scalable Z-scheme device, known as a photocatalyst sheet. However, the unique properties that enable La,Rh:SrTiO to support this impressive performance are not fully understood. Combining in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements with density functional theory and photoelectron spectroscopy produces a depletion model of Rh:SrTiO and La,Rh:SrTiO photocatalyst sheets.

A comparison of the glycemic effects of glucagon using two dose ranges in neonates and infants with hypoglycemia.

Introduction: Consensus regarding optimal glucagon dosing for management or diagnosis of neonatal/infant hypoglycemia has not been established.

Objective: To investigate glycemic effects of glucagon dosed ≤0.2 mg/kg (Gn) vs.

Tracking Charge Transfer to Residual Metal Clusters in Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Semiconducting polymers are versatile materials for solar energy conversion and have gained popularity as photocatalysts for sunlight-driven hydrogen production. Organic polymers often contain residual metal impurities such as palladium (Pd) clusters that are formed during the polymerization reaction, and there is increasing evidence for a catalytic role of such metal clusters in polymer photocatalysts. Using transient and operando optical spectroscopy on nanoparticles of F8BT, P3HT, and the dibenzo[]thiophene sulfone homopolymer P10, we demonstrate how differences in the time scale of electron transfer to Pd clusters translate into hydrogen evolution activity optima at different residual Pd concentrations.

Biomarker-driven phase 2 umbrella trial study for patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer failing platinum-based chemotherapy.

Background: A high percentage of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases harbor cell cycle-related gene mutations and RICTOR amplification. Based on underlying somatic mutations, the authors have conducted a phase 2 biomarker-driven, multiarm umbrella study.

Methods: The SCLC Umbrella Korea StudiES (SUKSES) is an adaptive platform trial that undergoes continual modification according to the observed outcomes.

Unique hole-accepting carbon-dots promoting selective carbon dioxide reduction nearly 100% to methanol by pure water.

Solar-driven CO reduction by abundant water to alcohols can supply sustainable liquid fuels and alleviate global warming. However, the sluggish water oxidation reaction has been hardly reported to be efficient and selective in CO conversion due to fast charge recombination. Here, using transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that microwave-synthesised carbon-dots (CD) possess unique hole-accepting nature, prolonging the electron lifetime (t) of carbon nitride (CN) by six folds, favouring a six-electron product.

Publisher Correction: Spectroelectrochemical study of water oxidation on nickel and iron oxyhydroxide electrocatalysts.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Quantifying Heme-Protein Maturation from Ratiometric Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements on the Single Fluorophore in Its GFP Fusion.

Protein maturation by heme insertion is a common post-translation modification of key biological importance. Nonetheless, where and when this maturation occurs in eukaryotic cells remain unknown for most heme proteins. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the maturation of a chromosomally expressed, endogenous heme protein fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be tracked in live cells.

Heteroarylamide smoothened inhibitors: Discovery of N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(1-methylimidazol-4-yl)phenyl]-4-(2-pyridylmethoxy)benzamide (AZD8542) and N-[5-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl]-4-(2- pyridylmethoxy)benzamide (AZD7254).

Aberrant hedgehog (Hh) pathway signaling is implicated in multiple cancer types and targeting the Smoothened (SMO) receptor, a key protein of the Hh pathway, has proven effective in treating metastasized basal cell carcinoma. Our lead optimization effort focused on a series of heteroarylamides. We observed that a methyl substitution ortho to the heteroaryl groups on an aniline core significantly improved the potency of this series of compounds.

Spectroelectrochemical study of water oxidation on nickel and iron oxyhydroxide electrocatalysts.

Ni/Fe oxyhydroxides are the best performing Earth-abundant electrocatalysts for water oxidation. However, the origin of their remarkable performance is not well understood. Herein, we employ spectroelectrochemical techniques to analyse the kinetics of water oxidation on a series of Ni/Fe oxyhydroxide films: FeOOH, FeOOHNiOOH, and Ni(Fe)OOH (5% Fe).

Electron Accumulation Induces Efficiency Bottleneck for Hydrogen Production in Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts.

This study addresses the light intensity dependence of charge accumulation in a photocatalyst suspension, and its impact on both charge recombination kinetics and steady-state H evolution efficiency. Cyanamide surface functionalized melon-type carbon nitride (CN) has been selected as an example of emerging carbon nitrides photocatalysts because of its excellent charge storage ability. Transient spectroscopic studies (from ps to s) show that the bimolecular recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in CN can be well described by a random walk model.

Understanding the visible-light photocatalytic activity of GaN:ZnO solid solution: the role of Rh Cr O cocatalyst and charge carrier lifetimes over tens of seconds.

A persistent challenge for the widespread deployment of solar fuels is the development of high efficiency photocatalysts combined with a low-cost preparation and implementation route. Since its discovery in 2005, GaN:ZnO solid solution has been a benchmark overall water splitting photocatalyst. Notably, GaN:ZnO functionalised with an appropriate proton reduction cocatalyst is one of the few particulate photocatalyst systems that can generate hydrogen and oxygen directly from water using visible light.