Measurements of open-water arctic ocean noise directionality and transport velocity.

Measurements from bottom-mounted acoustic vector sensors, deployed seasonally between 2008 and 2014 on the shallow Beaufort Sea shelf along the Alaskan North Slope, are used to estimate the ambient sound pressure power spectral density, acoustic transport velocity of energy, and dominant azimuth between 25 and 450 Hz. Even during ice-free conditions, this region has unusual acoustic features when compared against other U.S.

Effects of tones associated with drilling activities on bowhead whale calling rates.

During summer 2012 Shell performed exploratory drilling at Sivulliq, a lease holding located in the autumn migration corridor of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), northwest of Camden Bay in the Beaufort Sea. The drilling operation involved a number of vessels performing various activities, such as towing the drill rig, anchor handling, and drilling. Acoustic data were collected with six arrays of directional recorders (DASARs) deployed on the seafloor over ~7 weeks in Aug-Oct.

Linguistic and Cultural Adaptation of a Computer-Based Counseling Program (CARE+ Spanish) to Support HIV Treatment Adherence and Risk Reduction for People Living With HIV/AIDS: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in the United States disproportionately affects minorities, including Latinos. Barriers including language are associated with lower antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence seen among Latinos, yet ART and interventions for clinic visit adherence are rarely developed or delivered in Spanish.

Objective: The aim was to adapt a computer-based counseling tool, demonstrated to reduce HIV-1 viral load and sexual risk transmission in a population of English-speaking adults, for use during routine clinical visits for an HIV-positive Spanish-speaking population (CARE+ Spanish); the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was the theoretical framework guiding program development.

Acoustic vector sensor beamforming reduces masking from underwater industrial noise during passive monitoring.

Masking from industrial noise can hamper the ability to detect marine mammal sounds near industrial operations, whenever conventional (pressure sensor) hydrophones are used for passive acoustic monitoring. Using data collected from an autonomous recorder with directional capabilities (Directional Autonomous Seafloor Acoustic Recorder), deployed 4.1 km from an arctic drilling site in 2012, the authors demonstrate how conventional beamforming on an acoustic vector sensor can be used to suppress noise arriving from a narrow sector of geographic azimuths.

Design aspects of a case-control clinical investigation of the effect of HIV on oral and gastrointestinal soluble innate factors and microbes.

Introduction: The impaired host defense system in HIV infection impacts the oral and gastrointestinal microbiota and associated opportunistic infections. Antiretroviral treatment is predicted to partially restore host defenses and decrease the oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS. Well-designed longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the interactions of soluble host defense proteins with bacteria and virus in HIV/AIDS.

Examining factors associated with oral health-related quality of life for youth with cleft.

Background: Patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes in cleft lip-cleft palate treatment are critical for evidence-based care. Scant data exist analyzing treatment from the patient's perspective. The authors examined the interrelationship among variables associated with oral health-related quality of life among youth with cleft.

HIV infection and microbial diversity in saliva.

Limited information is available about the effects of HIV and subsequent antiretroviral treatment on host-microbe interactions. This study aimed to determine the salivary microbial composition for 10 HIV-seropositive subjects, before and 6 months after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), compared with that for 10 HIV-seronegative subjects. A conventional culture and two culture-independent analyses were used and consistently demonstrated differences in microbial composition among the three sets of samples.

Computerized counseling reduces HIV-1 viral load and sexual transmission risk: findings from a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Evaluate a computerized intervention supporting antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and HIV transmission prevention.

Design: Longitudinal randomized controlled trial.

Settings: An academic HIV clinic and a community-based organization in Seattle.

Evaluation of the similarities and differences in response patterns to the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and the Child Oral Health Impact Scores among youth with cleft.

Purpose: To examine (a) the pattern of responses to a generic health-related quality of life (HRQL) measure (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory--PedsQL) and an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measure (Child Oral Health Impact Profile--COHIP), and (b) the associations of these scores with surgical recommendation status among youth with cleft.

Methods: Cross-sectional data (baseline) regarding clinicians' surgical recommendations and quality of life (QoL) measures were examined from an ongoing observational study on treatment outcomes. Approximately one-third of the racially and geographically diverse sample (N = 1,200; mean = 11.

Multinight recording and analysis of continuous positive airway pressure airflow in the home for titration and management of sleep disordered breathing.

Objectives: The authors examined magnitude/variability of residual sleep disordered breathing (SDB) at pressures around the therapeutic continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and described a multinight approach to CPAP titration/retitration consisting of recording airflow and summarizing SDB over multiple nights at multiple pressures and choosing an optimal pressure from these summarized data.

Design: Prospective, single-center nonblinded study.

Patients: Ten female/18 male patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) (respiratory disturbance index [RDI] 67/h), 17 newly-initiated, 11 chronic CPAP users.

Response to CPAP withdrawal in patients with mild versus severe obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.

Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), even those generally compliant with CPAP therapy, often intermittently discontinue CPAP.

Study Objective: Examine the impact of CPAP withdrawal on sleep, sleep disordered breathing (SDB), and daytime function in subjects with varying severity of OSAHS.

Patients And Interventions: Forty-two subjects (26M/16 F) with OSAHS (AHI4% = 45.

Sleep quality, short-term and long-term CPAP adherence.

Study Objectives: Adherence to CPAP therapy is low in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utility of measures of sleep architecture and sleep continuity on the CPAP titration study as predictors of both short- and long-term CPAP adherence.

Methods: 93 patients with OSAHS (RDI 42.

Involvement of Ayurvedic practitioners in oral health care in the United States.

Background: Ayurveda, an ancient medical science originating in India, also is practiced in the United States. The authors conducted a study primarily to explore the involvement of Ayurvedic practitioners in treating oral diseases.

Methods: Eighty-five practitioners participated in this cross-sectional survey.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw onset times are based on the route of bisphosphonate therapy.

Purpose: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been reported to be associated with patients receiving bisphosphonate (BP) therapy. There are many reports that suggest that the time of exposure to BPs is a significant risk factor for ONJ and that the greatest risk occurs after dentoalveolar surgery. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the duration of BP therapy and related events before the onset of ONJ based on an intravenous (IV) or oral route of administration.

Patient and provider acceptance of oral HIV screening in a dental school setting.

In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended routine HIV screening in health care settings regardless of the patient's level of risk. This pilot study was developed in response to the suggestion by some health care professionals that dental settings would be appropriate for expansion of HIV testing. This project consisted of two parts: oral fluid HIV testing of patients in the clinic of a dental school and a survey of the clinical dental faculty members' attitudes about acceptability of routine HIV testing in the dental clinic.

Periodontal status of adult patients treated with fixed buccal appliances and removable aligners over one year of active orthodontic therapy.

Objective: To compare the periodontal status of adults treated with fixed buccal orthodontic appliances vs removable orthodontic aligners over 1 year of active therapy.

Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of 42 subjects; 22 treated with fixed buccal orthodontic appliances and 20 treated with removable aligners. Clinical indices recorded included: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD).

Use of a mucoadhesive disk for relief of dry mouth: a randomized, double-masked, controlled crossover study.

Background: Dry mouth is a frequent complaint of adults worldwide. In those who experience dry mouth, therapeutic options include the use of salivary substitutes and sialogogues.

Methods: The authors compared the efficacy and safety of mucoadhesive disks (OraMoist, Axiomedic, Zurich; distributed by Quantum Health, Eugene, Ore.

Effect of protease inhibitors on the quantitative and qualitative assessment of oral microorganisms.

Protease inhibitor cocktails are routinely added to clinical samples used for proteomic studies to inactivate proteases. As these same samples are often used for microbial studies, we determined whether the addition of protease inhibitors could affect the quantitative or qualitative assessment of microbial profiles. Twenty-two saliva samples were collected and processed immediately with or without the addition of a protease inhibitor cocktail.

TNF-alpha and antibodies to periodontal bacteria discriminate between Alzheimer's disease patients and normal subjects.

The associations of inflammation/immune responses with clinical presentations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. We hypothesized that TNF-alpha and elevated antibodies to periodontal bacteria would be greater in AD compared to normal controls (NL) and their combination would aid clinical diagnosis of AD. Plasma TNF-alpha and antibodies against periodontal bacteria were elevated in AD patients compared with NL and independently associated with AD.

Irregular respiration as a marker of wakefulness during titration of CPAP.

Study Objectives: Regularity of respiration is characteristic of stable sleep without sleep disordered breathing. Appearance of respiratory irregularity may indicate onset of wakefulness. The present study examines whether one can detect transitions from sleep to wakefulness using only the CPAP flow signal and automate this recognition.

Measuring cultural awareness of nursing students: a first step toward cultural competency.

This pilot study was designed to measure nursing students' level of cultural awareness. It replicated phase II of Rew, Becker, Cookston, Khosropour, & Martinez's (2003) methodological study that developed and tested a Cultural Awareness Scale (CAS). Using a cross-sectional design, the CAS was distributed to nursing students in three nursing programs' (bachelor's, master's, doctoral) beginning and end courses.

Validation of a self-applied unattended monitor for sleep disordered breathing.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the validity of the Apnea Risk Evaluation System (ARES) Unicorder, a self-applied, limited-channel portable monitoring device for the evaluation of sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Design: Prospective study with blinded analysis.

Setting: Sleep disorder center, academic institution.

Retention of teeth versus extraction and implant placement: treatment preferences of dental faculty and dental students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment preferences amongst dental faculty and dental students for either retention of teeth by endodontic and restorative treatment or extraction and implant placement. A survey of 134 general dentistry faculty and 253 senior (fourth-year) dental students was conducted in a university college of dentistry. Participants completed a survey consisting of questions for which one of two choices could be selected.

Potential mechanism for transition between acute hypercapnia during sleep to chronic hypercapnia during wakefulness in obstructive sleep apnea.

This paper presents a series of experiments, both in patients and computer models, investigating the transition from acute to chronic hypercapnia in OSA. The data demonstrate that acute hypercapnia during periodic breathing occurs due to either reduction in magnitude of inter-event ventilation and/or reduction in inter-event ventilatory duration relative to duration of the preceding event. The transition between acute hypercapnia during sleep and chronic sustained hypercapnia during wakefulness may be determined by an interaction between respiratory control and renal handling of HCO3-.