N-acetylaspartate reductions in the mediodorsal and anterior thalamus in men with schizophrenia verified by tissue volume corrected proton MRSI.

Objective: Deficits in the mediodorsal and anterior nuclei of the thalamus may contribute to the psychopathological symptoms of schizophrenia. These thalamic nuclei have been found to be abnormal in schizophrenia and have close connections with other brain structures implicated in the disorder. We therefore examined schizophrenia-related alterations in brain metabolite levels specifically in the mediodorsal and anterior thalamic subregions.

Lower concentration of hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in familial bipolar I disorder.

Objective: Previous studies attempting to identify neuropathological alterations in the hippocampus in bipolar disorder have been inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine if the concentration of N-acetylaspartate, a neuronal and axonal marker, was lower in subjects with familial bipolar I disorder than in healthy comparison subjects, suggesting possible neuronal loss, neuronal dysfunction, or neuropil reduction in bipolar I disorder.

Method: N-acetylaspartate, choline, and creatine in the right and left hippocampus were measured in 15 euthymic male patients with familial bipolar I disorder and 20 healthy male comparison subjects by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS).

Magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus in male patients with schizophrenia.

Thalamic abnormalities have been hypothesized to explain much of the psychopathology in schizophrenia, however, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have yielded discrepant results as to whether there are thalamic volume alterations. The current study utilized high resolution MRI and an axial voluming protocol to determine if there was a significant reduction in the volume of the thalamus in patients with schizophrenia. Quantitative analysis was performed on magnetic resonance images of the brain in 41 male medicated schizophrenic patients and 39 male normal control subjects similar in age, education and handedness.

Evidence for anterior cingulate cortex involvement in monitoring preparatory attentional set.

An important cognitive function underlying unified, voluntary behavior is attentional control. Two frontal regions, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), appear to be particularly involved in attentional control and monitoring. In this study, we investigated whether ACC is involved in monitoring the preparatory allocation of attention during task switching, or whether ACC is active only when subjects are processing target stimuli and selecting a response, via a cued-attention design.

Quantitative 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI of Parkinson's disease.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the substantia nigra, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex were performed on 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 13 age-matched, healthy control subjects. Compared to controls, PD patients had approximately 24% lower creatine in the region of the substantia nigra and smaller volumes of the putamen (11%), globus pallidus (16%), and prefrontal cortex (6%; all P < 0.05).